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Questions and Answers
Which type of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharide units?
Which type of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharide units?
- Disaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Monosaccharides
- Polysaccharides (correct)
What is the fundamental characteristic of a monosaccharide?
What is the fundamental characteristic of a monosaccharide?
- Contains three to ten monosaccharide units
- Contains more than ten monosaccharide units
- Contains one monosaccharide unit (correct)
- Contains two monosaccharide units
Which of the following sugars is an example of an aldotetrose?
Which of the following sugars is an example of an aldotetrose?
- D-ribose
- D-glucose
- D-erythrose (correct)
- D-glyceraldehyde
Which of the following correctly describes D-sugars?
Which of the following correctly describes D-sugars?
How are aldoses formed from glyceraldehyde?
How are aldoses formed from glyceraldehyde?
Which classification applies to carbohydrates containing 3 to 10 monosaccharide units?
Which classification applies to carbohydrates containing 3 to 10 monosaccharide units?
What is the main characteristic of a ketose?
What is the main characteristic of a ketose?
Which of the following statements about glucose is correct?
Which of the following statements about glucose is correct?
What is the mother compound of all aldoses?
What is the mother compound of all aldoses?
Which class of carbohydrates is represented by the formula $(CH_2O)_3$?
Which class of carbohydrates is represented by the formula $(CH_2O)_3$?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy alcohols with an aldehyde or keto group.
- General formula: $C_n(H_2O)_n$
- They are a significant source of dietary calories and act as a storage form of energy.
- They are components of cell membranes and facilitate intercellular communication.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Single sugar unit.
- Disaccharides: Two sugar units.
- Oligosaccharides: 3 to 10 sugar units.
- Polysaccharides: More than 10 sugar units.
Monosaccharides
- Simplest carbohydrates.
- General formula: $(CH_2O)_n$.
- Categorized based on number of carbons and functional groups.
Number of Carbons
- Trioses: 3 carbons
- Tetroses: 4 carbons
- Pentoses: 5 carbons
- Hexoses: 6 carbons
- Heptoses: 7 carbons
Functional Groups
- Aldoses: Contain an aldehyde group.
- Ketoses: Contain a ketone group.
Aldoses
- The mother compound of all aldoses is glyceraldehyde.
- Sugars derived from D-glyceraldehyde are called D-sugars.
- D-sugars have the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon to the right.
- Sugars derived from L-glyceraldehyde are called L-sugars.
- L-sugars have the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon to the left.
- Naturally occurring monosaccharides are mostly of the D-type.
Aldose Examples
- Aldotriose (3 carbons): D-glyceraldehyde
- Aldotetrose (4 carbons): D-erythrose
- Aldopentose (5 carbons): D-ribose and D-xylose
- Aldohexose (6 carbons): D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose
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