Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharide units?
What is the fundamental characteristic of a monosaccharide?
Which of the following sugars is an example of an aldotetrose?
Which of the following correctly describes D-sugars?
Signup and view all the answers
How are aldoses formed from glyceraldehyde?
Signup and view all the answers
Which classification applies to carbohydrates containing 3 to 10 monosaccharide units?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of a ketose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about glucose is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mother compound of all aldoses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which class of carbohydrates is represented by the formula $(CH_2O)_3$?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy alcohols with an aldehyde or keto group.
- General formula: $C_n(H_2O)_n$
- They are a significant source of dietary calories and act as a storage form of energy.
- They are components of cell membranes and facilitate intercellular communication.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Single sugar unit.
- Disaccharides: Two sugar units.
- Oligosaccharides: 3 to 10 sugar units.
- Polysaccharides: More than 10 sugar units.
Monosaccharides
- Simplest carbohydrates.
- General formula: $(CH_2O)_n$.
- Categorized based on number of carbons and functional groups.
Number of Carbons
- Trioses: 3 carbons
- Tetroses: 4 carbons
- Pentoses: 5 carbons
- Hexoses: 6 carbons
- Heptoses: 7 carbons
Functional Groups
- Aldoses: Contain an aldehyde group.
- Ketoses: Contain a ketone group.
Aldoses
- The mother compound of all aldoses is glyceraldehyde.
- Sugars derived from D-glyceraldehyde are called D-sugars.
- D-sugars have the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon to the right.
- Sugars derived from L-glyceraldehyde are called L-sugars.
- L-sugars have the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon to the left.
- Naturally occurring monosaccharides are mostly of the D-type.
Aldose Examples
- Aldotriose (3 carbons): D-glyceraldehyde
- Aldotetrose (4 carbons): D-erythrose
- Aldopentose (5 carbons): D-ribose and D-xylose
- Aldohexose (6 carbons): D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of carbohydrates, including their classification, types, and functional groups. It explores monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, along with their importance as a dietary source of energy. Test your knowledge on carbohydrate structures and functions.
