Carbohydrates Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which type of carbohydrate consists of more than 10 monosaccharide units?

  • Disaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides (correct)
  • What is the fundamental characteristic of a monosaccharide?

  • Contains three to ten monosaccharide units
  • Contains more than ten monosaccharide units
  • Contains one monosaccharide unit (correct)
  • Contains two monosaccharide units
  • Which of the following sugars is an example of an aldotetrose?

  • D-ribose
  • D-glucose
  • D-erythrose (correct)
  • D-glyceraldehyde
  • Which of the following correctly describes D-sugars?

    <p>Sugars formed from D-glyceraldehyde with hydroxyl groups arranged to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are aldoses formed from glyceraldehyde?

    <p>By incorporating secondary alcohol groups to the aldehyde of glyceraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification applies to carbohydrates containing 3 to 10 monosaccharide units?

    <p>Oligosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a ketose?

    <p>Has a ketone functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glucose is correct?

    <p>It is an aldohexose with six carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mother compound of all aldoses?

    <p>D-glyceraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of carbohydrates is represented by the formula $(CH_2O)_3$?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy alcohols with an aldehyde or keto group.
    • General formula: $C_n(H_2O)_n$
    • They are a significant source of dietary calories and act as a storage form of energy.
    • They are components of cell membranes and facilitate intercellular communication.

    Classification of Carbohydrates

    • Monosaccharides: Single sugar unit.
    • Disaccharides: Two sugar units.
    • Oligosaccharides: 3 to 10 sugar units.
    • Polysaccharides: More than 10 sugar units.

    Monosaccharides

    • Simplest carbohydrates.
    • General formula: $(CH_2O)_n$.
    • Categorized based on number of carbons and functional groups.

    Number of Carbons

    • Trioses: 3 carbons
    • Tetroses: 4 carbons
    • Pentoses: 5 carbons
    • Hexoses: 6 carbons
    • Heptoses: 7 carbons

    Functional Groups

    • Aldoses: Contain an aldehyde group.
    • Ketoses: Contain a ketone group.

    Aldoses

    • The mother compound of all aldoses is glyceraldehyde.
    • Sugars derived from D-glyceraldehyde are called D-sugars.
    • D-sugars have the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon to the right.
    • Sugars derived from L-glyceraldehyde are called L-sugars.
    • L-sugars have the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon to the left.
    • Naturally occurring monosaccharides are mostly of the D-type.

    Aldose Examples

    • Aldotriose (3 carbons): D-glyceraldehyde
    • Aldotetrose (4 carbons): D-erythrose
    • Aldopentose (5 carbons): D-ribose and D-xylose
    • Aldohexose (6 carbons): D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts of carbohydrates, including their classification, types, and functional groups. It explores monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, along with their importance as a dietary source of energy. Test your knowledge on carbohydrate structures and functions.

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