Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following targeted therapies is associated with Differentiation Syndrome?
Which of the following targeted therapies is associated with Differentiation Syndrome?
- Enasidenib (correct)
- Imetelstat
- Selinexor
- Lisocabtagene maraleucel
Which of the following CAR-T cell therapies does NOT target the CD19 protein?
Which of the following CAR-T cell therapies does NOT target the CD19 protein?
- Lisocabtagene maraleucel
- Idecabtagene vicleucel (correct)
- Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (correct)
- None of the above
Which mechanism of action is correctly matched with its respective agent?
Which mechanism of action is correctly matched with its respective agent?
- Hydroxyurea: Depletes asparagine from plasma
- Thalidomide: Inhibits DNA synthesis
- Arsenic trioxide: Degrades PML-RAR-a, causing differentiation (correct)
- Asparaginase: Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
A patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is being considered for targeted therapy. Which of the following targets would be MOST appropriate based on the provided information?
A patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is being considered for targeted therapy. Which of the following targets would be MOST appropriate based on the provided information?
A researcher is investigating novel therapies for B-cell lymphomas and wants to target CD79b. Which agent would be MOST appropriate for this approach?
A researcher is investigating novel therapies for B-cell lymphomas and wants to target CD79b. Which agent would be MOST appropriate for this approach?
Which of the following targeted therapies directly inhibits tubulin polymerization?
Which of the following targeted therapies directly inhibits tubulin polymerization?
A patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is being treated with a retinoid. What is the primary mechanism of action of this drug in APL?
A patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is being treated with a retinoid. What is the primary mechanism of action of this drug in APL?
Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism of action of PD-1 inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab?
Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism of action of PD-1 inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab?
A patient undergoing treatment with blinatumomab develops cytokine release syndrome (CRS). What is the target of blinatumomab that could lead to this adverse effect?
A patient undergoing treatment with blinatumomab develops cytokine release syndrome (CRS). What is the target of blinatumomab that could lead to this adverse effect?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors?
A patient is prescribed ibrutinib. Which of the following kinases does this drug target?
A patient is prescribed ibrutinib. Which of the following kinases does this drug target?
Which of the following targeted therapies works by increasing NK cell activity?
Which of the following targeted therapies works by increasing NK cell activity?
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a proteasome inhibitor?
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a proteasome inhibitor?
Blinatumomab and mosunetuzumab are bispecific antibodies that target which of the following?
Blinatumomab and mosunetuzumab are bispecific antibodies that target which of the following?
Which of the following targeted therapies directly inhibits the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC)?
Which of the following targeted therapies directly inhibits the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC)?
Which cellular therapy targets the BCMA antigen and is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma?
Which cellular therapy targets the BCMA antigen and is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma?
A patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma has developed resistance to proteasome inhibitors, anti-CD38 antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs. Which of the following targets would be MOST appropriate for the next line of therapy?
A patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma has developed resistance to proteasome inhibitors, anti-CD38 antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs. Which of the following targets would be MOST appropriate for the next line of therapy?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action of venetoclax?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism of action of venetoclax?
A patient with a confirmed FLT3-ITD mutation is being considered for targeted therapy. Which of the following agents would be MOST appropriate?
A patient with a confirmed FLT3-ITD mutation is being considered for targeted therapy. Which of the following agents would be MOST appropriate?
A patient with CML who has developed resistance to multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL may benefit from a TKI with a different mechanism of action. Which of the following TKIs is known to allosterically target BCR-ABL?
A patient with CML who has developed resistance to multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL may benefit from a TKI with a different mechanism of action. Which of the following TKIs is known to allosterically target BCR-ABL?
A patient has undergone CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19 for relapsed B-ALL. Several days post-infusion, they develop fever, hypotension, and neurological changes. Which of the following complications is MOST likely?
A patient has undergone CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19 for relapsed B-ALL. Several days post-infusion, they develop fever, hypotension, and neurological changes. Which of the following complications is MOST likely?
Flashcards
Mutant IDH Blockers
Mutant IDH Blockers
Drugs like ivosidenib that cause differentiation syndrome.
Exportin 1 Inhibitor
Exportin 1 Inhibitor
x.selinexor, a drug that inhibits nuclear transport.
CAR-T Therapy
CAR-T Therapy
Therapy targeting CD19, can cause Cytokine Release Syndrome.
Asparaginase
Asparaginase
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Thalidomide
Thalidomide
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Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma
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Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)
Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)
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B-cell Lymphoma
B-cell Lymphoma
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CD19
CD19
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BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen)
BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen)
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Daratumumab
Daratumumab
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Ph (Philadelphia chromosome)
Ph (Philadelphia chromosome)
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Venetoclax
Venetoclax
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Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy
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Retinoid therapy (tretinoin)
Retinoid therapy (tretinoin)
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PD-1/T-cell Checkpoint Inhibitors
PD-1/T-cell Checkpoint Inhibitors
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Anti-CD19 and CD20 mAbs
Anti-CD19 and CD20 mAbs
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BITE antibodies
BITE antibodies
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STI blocking JAK
STI blocking JAK
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Proteasome inhibitors
Proteasome inhibitors
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BCL-2 blockers
BCL-2 blockers
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Study Notes
Photodynamic Therapy
- Methoxsalen (Uvadex) inhibits DNA synthesis and damages DNA.
Retinoids
- Tretinoin (ATRA) activates PML-RAR, inhibiting differentiation, and increases normal white blood cells (WBCs).
- It can cause RA-APL syndrome/leukocytosis (increased WBCs and immune system).
- Bexarotene activates RXR.
PD-1/T-cell Checkpoint Inhibitors
- Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab blocks the inhibition of immune cells (T-cells) via PD-1, increasing the immune system response.
- These drugs treat multiple cancer types.
Anti-CD19 and Anti-CD20 mAbs
- Anti-CD19 mAbs (e.g., -tamab, -tuximab, -tumomab, -tuzumab) target CD19:
- Tafasitamab, loncastuximab (Type I)
- Rituximab, ofatumumab (Type I)
- Obintuzumab, ibritumomab (Type II)
- Anti-CD20 mAbs target CD20:
- Similar subtypes exist with varying specifics as above.
Anti-CD22 mAbs
- Inotuzumab ozogamicin targets CD22.
Anti-CD30 or CD79b mAbs
- Brentuximab vedotin inhibits tubulin polymerization, causing peripheral neuropathy.
Anti-CD38 or SLAMF mAbs
- -tuximab and -tumumab target CD38 or SLAMF.
BITE Antibodies
- Tumumab, tuzumab, and tamab are examples.
- They can cause cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, particularly when targeting CD3 and CD19 (e.g., blinatumomab, mosunetuzumab).
STI's that block JAK
- Fedratinib, pacritinib, and ruxolitinib block JAK.
STI's that block BTK
- Ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib block BTK.
Block Ph and c-KIT
- Various drugs (-a, -o, -utinib) block Ph and c-KIT, except fedratinib.
- Asciminib is Ph-specific.
Block FLT3
- Midostaurin, gilteritinib, and quizartinib (Vanflyta) block FLT3.
SMO Blockers
- Glasdegib blocks SMO.
Block PKB at PI3K
- Idelalisib and duvelisib block PKB at PI3K.
Inhibit protein synthesis
- Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (Synribo) binds to ribosomes to block protein synthesis.
Proteasome Inhibitors
- Bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib are proteasome inhibitors.
Block DNA Condensation
- Romidepsin, vorinostat, belinostat, and panobinostat block DNA condensation via HDAC.
- Tazemetostat blocks DNA condensation via HMT.
Block BCL-2
- Venetoclax blocks BCL-2.
Mutant IDH Blockers
- Ivosidenib, enasidenib, and olutasidenib are mutant IDH blockers, which can cause differentiation syndrome.
Inhibit Nuclear Transport
- Selinexor inhibits nuclear transport (Exportin 1).
Block Menin/Aberrant Transcription
- Revumenib blocks menin/aberrant transcription.
Inhibit Telomerase
- Imetelstat (Rytelo) inhibits telomerase.
CAR-T Therapy
- Lisocabtagene maraleucel (and others) can target CD19 (except idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel) and BCMA.
Misc. Agents
- Hydroxyurea inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and DNA synthesis.
- Asparaginase depletes asparagine from plasma.
- Arsenic trioxide degrades PML-RAR-α, causing differentiation.
Thalidomide
- It increases IL-2 and interferon-γ, activating NK cells and inhibiting myeloid cell growth.
Summary of Protein Drugs with Immune Cell Targets
- Various drugs target specific immune cells (e.g., B-cells, T-cells, NK cells).
- Specific drug-target combinations are listed.
Summary of Miscellaneous STIs
- Various miscellaneous inhibitors, targeting different pathways and implicated cancers (e.g., mutant IDH, p13-kinase, etc.) are listed.
Summary of Cellular Therapies
- Tisagenlecleucel, axicabtagene ciloleucel, and others target specific cancers.
Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Agents
- Hydroxyurea, asparaginase, arsenic trioxide are antineoplastic agents with different mechanisms.
- Thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide are also listed.
Summary of Anti-Emetics
- 5-HT3, NK1 antagonists, metoclopramide, CB1 agonists, and benzodiazepines (lorazepam) are potent anti-emetics for nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.
- D2 antagonists, glucocorticoids, and H1/M1 antagonists are used for less severe cases.
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Description
Overview of photodynamic therapy, retinoids, PD-1/T-cell checkpoint inhibitors, and anti-CD mAbs (CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD79b) used in cancer treatment. Mechanisms include DNA inhibition, immune response modulation, and targeted cell destruction. Focus on drug actions and targets.
