Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Drugs

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Which of the following drugs is a monoclonal antibody used for treating cancer?

Alemtuzumab

Bevacizumab (correct)

OrthoClone OKT3

Rituxan

What is the general form in which monoclonal antibodies can be formulated?

Powder for inhalation

Liquid solution for oral administration

Lyophilized forms (correct)

Gel capsules

Which of the following monoclonal antibodies is used for treating B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Rituxan (correct)

Bevacizumab

Panitumumab

Trastuzumab

Which drug is not a monoclonal antibody?

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of Panitumumab, a monoclonal antibody used for cancer treatment?

EGFR protein Signup and view all the answers

In what form can monoclonal antibodies be administered as part of cancer treatment?

Subcutaneous injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the third stage of lyophilization?

Secondary drying Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of stabilizers in lyophilization?

To prevent denaturation of proteins and maintain their stability Signup and view all the answers

Which factor distinguishes the secondary drying stage from the primary drying stage?

Temperature in the drying chamber Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cryoprotectants in lyophilization?

To prevent protein denaturation during freezing Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for maintaining the pH within a certain range during lyophilization?

Buffers Signup and view all the answers

In which stage does the formation of ice crystals occur in lyophilization?

Freezing the solution Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to potential protein denaturation during lyophilization?

Presence of stabilizers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of bulking agents in lyophilized formulations?

To improve flow properties of the final product Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of saccharides as stabilizers in lyophilization?

To protect proteins from oxidation and reduction reactions Signup and view all the answers

How do stabilizers help mitigate stress during lyophilization?

By maintaining protein stability and preventing denaturation Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cryoprotectants from bulking agents in lyophilization?

Cryoprotectants decrease vapor pressure during primary drying, while bulking agents do not. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do bulking agents contribute to improving lyophilized formulations?

By improving flow properties of the final product Signup and view all the answers