Cancer Biology Quiz

False (B)

Carcinoma in situ

<p>metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carcinoma = Cancer arising from epithelial cells Sarcoma = Cancer arising from connective tissues Lymphoma = Cancer affecting lymphatic tissue Leukemia = Cancer of blood-forming cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteosarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancer cells can become independent of external growth signals by producing their own growth factors, making them less reliant on external stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancer cells divide rapidly and require a lot of building blocks for new cell construction. They often reside in anoxic environments and therefore rely on anaerobic respiration to generate energy, even in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchorage dependence = Normal cells require attachment to a surface to grow and divide Contact inhibition = Normal cells stop dividing when they come into contact with other cells Telomerase = An enzyme that helps cancer cells maintain telomere length Anaerobic respiration = Metabolic process used by cancer cells in low-oxygen environments to generate energy Unusual antigens = Markers produced by cancer cells that can be recognized by the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the age of the tumor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukemia and brain tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome = Increased susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia Pre-natal exposure to drugs = Potential childhood cancer risk factor Childhood exposure to ionizing radiation = Potential childhood cancer risk factor Genetic risk factors = Potential childhood cancer risk factor unknown causes = Majority of childhood cancer cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>U.S. families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The graph shows a positive correlation between meat consumption and colon cancer rates. As meat consumption increases, the number of cases of colon cancer per 100,000 people also increases. This suggests that a higher intake of meat may be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colon cancer = High meat consumption Stomach cancer = Unknown, but possibly related to dietary habits Breast cancer = Inherited factors, such as BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sentinel node</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lymphatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carcinomas = Bloodstream Sarcomas = Lymphatic system Leukemia = Bloodstream Lymphoma = Lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neoangiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicobacter pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses can integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, potentially activating proto-oncogenes or disrupting tumor suppressor genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to pesticides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung Cancer = U.K. Stomach Cancer = Japan Colon Cancer = US Liver Cancer = China Cervical Cancer = Brazil Skin Cancer = Australia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virus-related cancers often involve viral integration into the host cell's DNA, directly altering the genetic code. Environmental factors can induce DNA damage or epigenetic changes, leading to altered gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancers originating from lymphatic tissue.

Cancers of blood-forming cells.

Tumors initially confined to specific tissues or organs.

Cancers from cells normally found in blood or lymph.

Malignant characteristics in epithelium, not invaded yet.

High mutation frequency in cancer cells.

Cancer cells continue to grow upon touching each other.

Cancer cells have lower ability to stick together and can spread.

The spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant organs.

Cancer cells invade surrounding tissue using enzymes that break down cells and connective tissue.

Cancer cells invade through lymph and blood vessels to spread to other organs.

The initial lymph node that drains a cancerous area, indicating possible metastasis.

Carcinomas spread through lymphatics; sarcomas spread through blood vessels.

Enzymes secreted by cancer cells to invade tissues from blood vessels.

Cancer cells evade the immune system by mimicking normal cells, often coating themselves.

Growth of new lymph and blood vessels that aids tumor survival and spread.

Normal epithelial cells die without attachment to extracellular matrix; cancer cells survive regardless.

Surface markers made by cancer cells not produced by their tissue of origin, recognized as foreign.

Cancer cells divide without limit due to the action of telomerase which maintains telomeres.

Sections at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each division, limiting normal cell replication.

Cancer cells favor anaerobic respiration for rapid growth and energy needs, even in oxygen presence.

Energy production process used by cancer cells primarily through glycolysis, resulting in less ATP.

Normal cells stop growing when they touch other cells; cancer cells ignore this and pile up.

Cancer cells consume more glucose for energy and building blocks due to rapid division.

A treatment option that aims to remove localized tumors, may also be used preventively in at-risk patients.

Occurrences of colon cancer measured per 100,000 people.

Different types than adults, including leukemia, brain tumors, and sarcomas, which are fast-growing cancers.

Consumption of meat linked to colon cancer rates differences by country.

Certain genetics, like Down syndrome, increase susceptibility to specific cancers in children.

Genetic factors like BRCA1/BRCA2 influencing cancer risk.

Widely used for treatment, because children often tolerate it better and cancers respond well to it.

Percentage of women with BRCA mutations developing breast cancer by age.

Substances in work environments that can cause cancer.

Potential risks include physical and mental impairments, and increased cancer risk later in life.

Both involve the migration of immune cells and the release of growth factors.

Certain viruses alter DNA or cause inflammation, leading to cancer. Example: HPV and cervical cancer.

Up to 80% of liver cancer cases are linked to chronic HBV or HCV infections.

EBV infection can lead to lymphomas if the person is immunosuppressed.

Chronic infection with H. pylori is linked to gastric carcinoma.

Certain habits like smoking and poor diets can increase cancer risk.

Environmental factors may influence gene expression rather than mutate genes.

Population studies show links between certain regions and cancer types.

Some cancers have hereditary components, emphasizing genetic risk.

Not everyone with cancer-causing agents develops cancer; individual resistance varies.