37 Questions
What makes up 10% of cancers?
Inherited DNA damage
What type of DNA damage increases with age, leading to an increased risk of cancer?
Somatic mutations
Which type of DNA mutation/error is carried by every cell in the body in inherited cases?
Germ-line mutations
What do acquired mutations in a cell may eventually lead to?
Increased risk of cancer
Which environmental exposure can induce acquired DNA damage?
Diet
What type of DNA mutation/error is only carried by the cancer cells and not the normal cells?
Somatic mutations
What is a key consideration before conducting genetic testing for cancer susceptibility?
The suggestive family history of the individual
What is a challenge associated with molecular screening to detect a mutation in an affected individual or family?
Technical demand of sequence gene or look for truncation mutants
What is the primary cause of cancer, as discussed in the presentation?
Acquired DNA errors leading to cancer
What is a significant challenge in genetic testing for cancer susceptibility?
The identification of known or likely deleterious mutation
What problem arises due to the accumulation of multiple DNA errors/mutations?
Predisposition to cancer
What is the main limitation of conducting genetic testing for cancer susceptibility in unaffected individuals?
Not considered appropriate for screening unaffected individuals
Why is cancer susceptibility testing not considered appropriate for screening unaffected individuals?
>500 mutations have been reported and majority result in a truncated protein
What is the primary benefit expected from genetic testing for cancer susceptibility?
Early identification of at-risk individuals
What are the implications of a common disease like cancer in relation to phenocopies?
Increased risk of phenocopies
What makes cancer susceptibility testing more appropriate for specific ethnic groups?
Specific mutations more common in certain ethnic groups
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a cause of cancer in the text?
Regular exercise
The presence of which virus is NOT associated with a type of cancer according to the text?
Influenza virus
Which syndrome is NOT listed as an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome in the text?
Down syndrome
What is the main cause of cancer mentioned in the text?
DNA damage
Which type of cells are particularly susceptible to genetic damage and cancer, according to the text?
Rapidly dividing cells
What accounts for up to 80% of the carcinogens that individuals are exposed to in their diet, according to the text?
"Natural" carcinogens in food
What factor can transform a cell by altering critical genes that regulate cell growth, as mentioned in the text?
Virus infection
What kind of virus can cause lymphoma, as mentioned in the text?
RNA virus or retrovirus
What feature suggests an inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome?
Several close or first degree relatives with a common cancer
What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer for individuals with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations?
83-88%
Which of the following features indicate an increased likelihood of an individual having BRCA mutations?
Breast and ovarian cancer in two different family members
What is the ultimate goal in the management of any patient with a familial cancer syndrome?
Prevention or early detection
Which statement is true about the identification of inherited cancer susceptibility genes?
The identification is in early stages
What plays a role in familial cancer and may also be implicated in sporadic cancer?
Genes implicated in inherited cancer susceptibility
What percentage of individuals with a specific genetic defect will get colon cancer in some colon cancer syndromes?
100%
Which statement is true about the cause of cancer?
Cancer arises from cumulative genetic errors resulting in a growth advantage
What is the main benefit of screening for familial cancer syndromes?
Early evidence of clinical phenotype
Which testing strategy is considered optimal for individuals from families affected by breast cancer?
Testing the oldest affected family member first
What are the common hereditary breast cancer genes?
BRCA1 and BRCA2
What is the estimated lifetime risk of ovarian cancer for individuals with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes?
16-60%
What are some features that indicate an increased likelihood of an individual having BRCA mutations?
Suffering from male breast cancer
Test your knowledge about the inherited predisposition to cancer, including rare cancer occurrences in family members, early age of cancer onset, bilateral cancers, and the implications for routine cancer screening and genetic testing.
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