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Questions and Answers
Which of the following diseases is caused by a single gene mutation?
What primarily causes the rise in cancer incidence as individuals age?
Which statement best describes phenylketonuria?
What is a characteristic of inherited metabolic disorders like phenylketonuria?
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Which of the following is NOT a genetic disorder caused by a specific gene mutation?
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Which of the following conditions illustrates complex inheritance?
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What role do mutations in mitochondrial DNA play?
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Which of the following statements is true about inherited diseases?
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Which genetic disorder is related to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase?
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Which option distinguishes genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities?
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Study Notes
Cancer and Cell Mutation
- Cancer is caused by mutations in cellular DNA, leading to disorganized and uncontrolled growth.
- Cell mutations accumulate with age, increasing cancer risk.
- Multiple mutations contribute to tumor characteristics including uncontrollable growth and immortality.
- Some mutations are inherited, increasing familial cancer risk.
- Most cancers result from acquired mutations due to aging or environmental factors like radiation and mutagenic chemicals.
Inherited Disease
- Many diseases are inherited through faulty genes, like cystic fibrosis and haemophilia.
- Gene location is often identified based on chromosomal mapping.
- Many diseases, like asthma, some types of cancer and cardiovascular disease, have a genetic component.
- These diseases are not solely based on single gene defects and inheritance is less predictable.
- Risk is determined by genetic makeup and environmental factors.
Specific Disorders
Phenylketonuria
- An inherited metabolic disorder caused by a faulty gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase.
- Without the enzyme, phenylalanine accumulates, leading to brain damage and mental retardation if untreated.
- Phenylalanine is toxic to the central nervous system.
- Low tyrosine levels cause depigmentation.
- Early screening and treatment are crucial to reduce the incidence of this disorder.
Mitochondrial Abnormalities
- Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes that, if defective, can cause inherited disorders.
- These disorders often impact the central nervous system, skeletal, or cardiac muscles.
- Spontaneous mitochondrial DNA mutations can occur even in adulthood leading to disease onset.
- Mitochondrial mutations may be associated with diseases like diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Description
Explore the connection between cell mutations and inherited diseases in this quiz. Understand how genetic factors influence the risk of conditions like cancer and other metabolic disorders. Test your knowledge on specific disorders like phenylketonuria and the role of environmental factors in disease risk.
