History of Canadian Healthcare
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary objective of Canadian health care policy?

  • To minimize overall population health investments
  • To prioritize private health insurance plans
  • To reduce government spending on health care
  • To ensure universal access to essential health services (correct)

Which criteria does the Canada Health Act establish for health care services?

  • Integration of traditional medicine, affordability, efficiency, and professional autonomy
  • Accessibility, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and public administration (correct)
  • Cost-effectiveness, longevity, innovation, user satisfaction, and accountability
  • Sustainability, technology adoption, patient choice, and provider competition

What is the significance of Jordan’s Principle in Canadian health care?

  • It advocates for universal health coverage for all Canadians
  • It provides guidelines for mental health treatments
  • It ensures that First Nations children receive health care services without delay (correct)
  • It sets regulations for pharmaceutical pricing in Canada

Which statement best describes the role of regional health authorities in Canada?

<p>They manage the delivery and organization of health care services at a regional level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of primary care reform in Canada?

<p>Improving access, coordination, and sustainability of health services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding electronic health information?

<p>Balance between accessibility and security (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge must Canada address to maintain its health care services?

<p>Managing the complexity of medical issues and costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature in chapters promotes personal reflection and discussion?

<p>Case Example boxes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of implementing electronic medical records on a national level?

<p>Standardization of patient data storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of healthcare funding poses a significant obstacle for Canada?

<p>Advancing medical technology costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Thinking It Through' feature encourage students to do?

<p>Reflect personally on healthcare topics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of fewer funding resources for healthcare?

<p>Limited access to advanced treatments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group played a key role in the acknowledgments section?

<p>Canadian Institute for Health Information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the four parts of the medicine wheel represent?

<p>Spiritual, physical, cognitive, and emotional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the eagle feather considered sacred in First Nations culture?

<p>It symbolizes a higher connection to the creator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the RCMP in Nova Scotia implement regarding the eagle feather?

<p>They adopted the use of eagle feathers for oaths in court. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was primarily involved in early contact with Indigenous people in the interior?

<p>The Hudson’s Bay Company (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the diseases brought by traders to Indigenous populations?

<p>The significant decrease in their population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease was NOT mentioned as having a devastating effect on Indigenous populations?

<p>Malaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle regarding health services did Tommy Douglas emphasize?

<p>Health services should not have a price tag. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did Indigenous people face regarding traditional treatments for introduced diseases?

<p>They remained largely ineffective for many of the new diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health care act was introduced in Canada in 1984?

<p>Canada Health Act (CHA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of the smallpox vaccine among Indigenous populations at the turn of the century?

<p>It was rarely available to them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge faced by the health care system since the implementation of the Canada Health Act?

<p>Commissioned reports and health accords. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did colonization have on Indigenous peoples’ health practices?

<p>It negatively affected their health care practices and traditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to health care that is funded in advance and does not require payment at the point of service?

<p>Prepaid health care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major transformations of health care in Canada over the past century?

<p>The adoption of palliative care techniques. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe health care services that are considered necessary for patients but not covered by public health insurance?

<p>Medically necessary services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did social movements play in the evolution of health care in Canada?

<p>They helped shape health care policies and reforms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the payment rate for insured services received outside a person's province of origin?

<p>The host province's fee schedule, except for Quebec (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Quebec health plan handle payments for medical services received outside its province?

<p>It pays only the amount equivalent to its own fee schedule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion was added to the Canada Health Act to ensure service availability?

<p>Accessibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a medical service is not available in a person's community, what should happen according to the accessibility criterion?

<p>They should be referred to the closest location offering the service (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Jeremy, who is from Ontario, when he visits a doctor in Saskatchewan?

<p>He pays the full $20 required by the doctor in Saskatchewan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action would be taken if Monique's needed radiation therapy is unavailable in Thunder Bay?

<p>She would be sent to Winnipeg for treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possibility for a patient living in a remote area who needs health services not available locally?

<p>Being directed to the closest location for care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the financial responsibility of patients from Quebec seeking care in another province?

<p>They pay the difference if costs exceed Quebec rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was established to provide support for former students suffering from mental health and emotional trauma?

<p>Indian/Indigenous Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of health care providers are included in the health support program for former students?

<p>Indigenous elders, social workers, and psychiatrists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant criticism was associated with the compensation fund established for former students?

<p>Misallocation of funds and unethical fees by lawyers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health conditions are currently most affecting Indigenous populations?

<p>Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, mental illness, and addictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of integrating traditional health practices with western medical practices?

<p>To enhance patient outcomes by respecting cultural values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do traditional Indigenous practitioners often have in their communities?

<p>Shamans or medicine men and women recognized for their healing abilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for health professionals working with Indigenous populations?

<p>An understanding of health-related traditions and cultural practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do traditional Indigenous healers maintain balance according to their beliefs?

<p>Through harmony among spiritual, natural elements, and human populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

The use of electronic systems to store, manage, and share patient health information.

Safety and Security of Electronic Health Information

The potential risks and benefits associated with electronic health information, including privacy, security, and access.

Social Media's Impact on Healthcare

The impact that social media has on the way individuals access, share, and manage health information and healthcare services.

Challenges to Maintaining Healthcare Services

The challenge of providing adequate healthcare services in Canada, considering the increasing cost of medical care, technology, and drugs.

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National Implementation of Electronic Health Records

The potential for implementing electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs) at a national level in Canada.

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Obstacles to Preserving Publicly Funded Healthcare

The obstacles that Canada must overcome to preserve and improve the publicly funded healthcare system.

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What is the Canada Health Act?

The Canada Health Act is a federal law that ensures all Canadians have access to medically necessary health services, regardless of income or location.

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What principles are outlined in the Canada Health Act?

The Canada Health Act outlines five key principles: public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility.

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What is the primary objective of the Canada Health Act?

The Canada Health Act aims to ensure healthcare services are publicly administered, accessible to all Canadians, and cover essential services.

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What are the goals of primary care reform?

Primary care reform aims to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare, particularly in community settings.

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What is the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)?

The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is a government agency that funds health research across Canada.

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Aseptic Technique

Aseptic technique refers to practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms during surgery or other medical procedures. It involves techniques that minimize the risk of contamination by eliminating or reducing the number of infectious agents.

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Block Transfer

The transfer of health care responsibilities from one level of government to another, typically from the federal government to the provincial government.

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Prepaid Health Care

A system of health insurance that covers all medically necessary services, regardless of the individuals' ability to pay. It is typically financed through taxes and premiums.

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User Charges

A system where individuals pay for specific health services in addition to their taxes or premiums.

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Delisted

The act of removing a healthcare service from a publicly funded health insurance program, making it unavailable for all eligible individuals. It essentially removes the service as a covered benefit.

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Eligible

The process of ensuring that individuals meet specific criteria to qualify for healthcare benefits or services. This often involves verifying their residency status or other eligibility requirements.

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Extra Billing

The practice of charging patients additional fees for healthcare services beyond what is covered by their health insurance plan. It is often referred to as 'extra billing.'

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Medically Necessary

A term referring to healthcare services deemed medically necessary by qualified practitioners. These are services considered essential for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease or injury and are typically covered by health insurance.

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What is the Medicine Wheel?

The Medicine Wheel represents four parts of a person: spiritual, physical, cognitive, and emotional. It emphasizes taking responsibility for all these aspects to achieve holistic health.

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What does the circle represent in the Medicine Wheel?

The Medicine Wheel represents continuous movement and interconnectedness. It highlights the cyclical nature of life and the interconnectedness of all things.

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Why is the Eagle Feather significant to First Nations culture?

The Eagle Feather holds significant spiritual importance in First Nations culture. It symbolizes connection to the Creator and signifies respect, truth, and the power of flight.

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How is the Eagle Feather used in a legal context?

The Eagle Feather is used as an alternative to the Bible when Indigenous people testify in court, making the legal process more culturally appropriate.

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What significant event happened in Nova Scotia in 2017?

In October 2017, the RCMP in Nova Scotia became the first detachment in Canada to offer the option of using an Eagle Feather in court proceedings.

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How did European contact impact Indigenous health?

Early contacts with Europeans brought diseases like smallpox, tuberculosis, and measles, which devastated Indigenous populations due to their lack of immunity.

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What challenges did Indigenous people face in dealing with diseases?

Traditional Indigenous practices were not effective against the new diseases brought by Europeans, leading to widespread suffering and death.

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How did the lack of access to the smallpox vaccine impact Indigenous populations?

The smallpox vaccine was rarely available to Indigenous people, contributing to further mortality and health disparities.

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Indian/Indigenous Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program

A government-funded program that offers compensation to former students of residential schools, specifically for trauma, mental health, and emotional suffering caused by their experience.

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Traditional Indigenous Healing Practices

Traditional Indigenous healing practices often incorporate spiritual and natural elements, with the aim of establishing harmony and balance.

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Traditional Health Practices Integration

These programs aim to integrate traditional Indigenous practices with modern biomedical approaches in healthcare settings.

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Health Issues Affecting Indigenous Populations

These are common health issues faced by Indigenous populations in Canada today, often linked to historical traumas and ongoing social inequalities.

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Shamans or Medicine Men/Women

These individuals were traditionally regarded as healers in many Indigenous communities, believed to possess a deep connection to the spirit world and Mother Earth.

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Aboriginal/Indigenous Healing Foundation

A vital part of the settlement reached with former residential school students, providing a means of support and resources for healing.

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Settlement for Former Residential School Students

This settlement acknowledged the harmful effects of the residential school system and established a multimillion-dollar fund for compensation and healing initiatives.

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Criticism of the Residential School Settlement

This settlement was criticized due to concerns about the ethical use of funds and the fees charged by lawyers involved in the process.

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Universality of Healthcare

A healthcare system that provides healthcare services to all citizens, regardless of their ability to pay.

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Portability of Healthcare

The ability to access healthcare services wherever you are in Canada, even when you are travelling.

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Healthcare Coverage Outside of Province

The right to access healthcare services outside of your province of origin, with the cost covered by your home province.

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Quebec's Healthcare Coverage

Quebec's healthcare system will only pay for healthcare services at the rate they charge, even if the cost is higher in another province.

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Accessibility of Healthcare

The principle that ensures everyone has reasonable access to healthcare services, regardless of their location.

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Healthcare Service Transfer

The Canada Health Act's requirement to provide healthcare services even in areas with limited resources, requiring patients to be transferred to where the service is available.

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Insured Health Services

Healthcare services that are essential and covered by the Canada Health Act.

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Public Administration of Healthcare

The principle that healthcare services must be publicly administered, meaning they are managed by the government.

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Study Notes

History of Canadian Healthcare

  • Canadian healthcare evolved from pre-Confederation systems.
  • Colonization significantly impacted Indigenous health practices, introducing diseases and disrupting traditional healing methods.
  • Public health insurance was introduced.
  • Legislation shaped healthcare from 1960 until the Canada Health Act (1984).
  • The Canada Health Act’s terms and conditions are critical to understanding the system.
  • Events since 1984, including reports and agreements, are important developments.
  • Agreements, accords, and legislation since 2000 have shaped healthcare further.

Indigenous Healthcare

  • Indigenous health practices have rich history.
  • Traditional Indigenous healers were believed to connect with the spiritual world.
  • Colonization had a catastrophic effect on Indigenous health practices.
  • Indigenous populations face high rates of diabetes, heart disease, cancer, mental illness, and substance abuse.
  • There's a recent shift towards recognizing and integrating traditional healing practices with Western medicine.
  • The Eagle Feather is culturally significant and adopted as an alternative to religious oaths.
  • Recent movements have emphasized returning health care responsibility to Indigenous communities.

Canada Health Act

  • The Act aims to ensure all Canadians have access to insured health services under uniform terms.
  • Accessibility is a key criterion, and provinces must ensure patients in under-served areas can receive services.
  • Canadians may seek care in other provinces or territories, and their home province will cover the costs at the host province's rate if higher. Quebec has different regulations.

Healthcare Accessibility Issues

  • Geography and health care provider limitations affect access for specific individuals.
  • If a service isn't available locally, patients are granted access in the closest available location, including another province or country.

Illustrative Cases

  • Cases detail specific scenarios highlighting accessibility challenges and the Canada Health Act.
  • Some examples illustrate how provinces handle out-of-province medical care and accessibility criteria.
  • Emphasis on patient treatment in locations and procedures consistent with the Act's requirements.

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Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada PDF

Description

Explore the evolution of Canadian healthcare from pre-Confederation to the present day. This quiz addresses the impact of colonization on Indigenous health practices and the introduction of public health insurance. Learn about key legislation, the Canada Health Act, and significant developments in the healthcare system since 1984.

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