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Questions and Answers
Who developed C++ as an extension of the C programming language?
What is the main advantage of C++ being a statically-typed language?
What is the purpose of a constructor in a C++ class?
What is an example of a composite type in C++?
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What is the purpose of a destructor in a C++ class?
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What is the main feature of a multi-paradigm language like C++?
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What is the term for objects of different classes being treated as objects of a common parent class?
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What is the purpose of the iostream standard library in C++?
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Study Notes
Overview of C++
- C++ is a high-performance, compiled, and general-purpose programming language.
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language.
- First released in 1985.
Key Features
- Object-oriented programming: supports encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
- Statically-typed: checks for type errors at compile-time.
- Compiled language: code is translated into machine code before execution.
- Multi-paradigm: supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Data Types
-
Primitive types:
int,char,float,double,bool, etc. -
Composite types:
arrays,structs,classes,unions, etc. - Pointers: variables that store memory addresses.
- References: aliases for existing variables.
Control Structures
-
Conditional statements:
if,if-else,switch -
Loops:
for,while,do-while -
Jump statements:
break,continue,return,goto
Functions
- Functions: reusable blocks of code that take arguments and return values.
- Function overloading: multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.
- Function templates: generic functions that can work with different data types.
Classes and Objects
- Classes: user-defined data types that encapsulate data and functions.
- Objects: instances of classes.
- Constructors: special functions that initialize objects.
- Destructors: special functions that release resources when objects are destroyed.
Inheritance and Polymorphism
- Inheritance: classes can inherit properties and behavior from parent classes.
- Polymorphism: objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common parent class.
Input/Output
- iostream: a standard library for input/output operations.
- Streams: objects that handle input/output operations.
-
Operators:
<<and>>for output and input, respectively.
Memory Management
-
Memory allocation:
newandnew[]operators for dynamic memory allocation. -
Memory deallocation:
deleteanddelete[]operators for releasing allocated memory. -
Smart pointers: classes that manage memory automatically, such as
unique_ptrandshared_ptr.
C++ Overview
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language.
- First released in 1985.
Key Features of C++
- Supports object-oriented programming (OOP) with encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
- Statically-typed, which means it checks for type errors at compile-time.
- Compiled language, translating code into machine code before execution.
- Multi-paradigm, supporting procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Data Types in C++
- Primitive types: int, char, float, double, bool, and more.
- Composite types: arrays, structs, classes, unions, and more.
- Pointers: variables that store memory addresses.
- References: aliases for existing variables.
Control Structures in C++
- Conditional statements: if, if-else, switch.
- Loops: for, while, do-while.
- Jump statements: break, continue, return, goto.
Functions in C++
- Functions: reusable blocks of code that take arguments and return values.
- Function overloading: multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.
- Function templates: generic functions that can work with different data types.
Classes and Objects in C++
- Classes: user-defined data types that encapsulate data and functions.
- Objects: instances of classes.
- Constructors: special functions that initialize objects.
- Destructors: special functions that release resources when objects are destroyed.
Inheritance and Polymorphism in C++
- Inheritance: classes can inherit properties and behavior from parent classes.
- Polymorphism: objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common parent class.
Input/Output in C++
- iostream: a standard library for input/output operations.
- Streams: objects that handle input/output operations.
- Operators: << for output and >> for input, respectively.
Memory Management in C++
- Memory allocation: new and new[] operators for dynamic memory allocation.
- Memory deallocation: delete and delete[] operators for releasing allocated memory.
- Smart pointers: classes that manage memory automatically, such as unique_ptr and shared_ptr.
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Description
Discover the basics of C++, a high-performance, compiled, and general-purpose programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. Learn about its key features and how it extends the C programming language.
