C++ Programming Language

Overview

• C++ is a high-performance, compiled, and general-purpose programming language.
• Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s as an extension of the C programming language.

Features

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): C++ supports OOP concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
• Templates: C++ provides a template metaprogramming system that allows for generic programming.
• Memory Management: C++ allows for manual memory management through pointers, which can be error-prone but provides low-level control.
• Multi-Paradigm: C++ supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

Syntax

• Variables: Declared using the type variable_name syntax, e.g., int x;.
• Control Structures: If-else statements, switch statements, loops (for, while, do-while), and jump statements (break, continue, return).
• Functions: Declared using the return_type function_name(parameters) syntax, e.g., int add(int a, int b);.
• Classes: Defined using the class keyword, e.g., class MyClass { ... };.

Data Types

• Primitive Types: int, float, double, char, bool, etc.
• Composite Types: arrays, structures, unions, and classes.
• Pointer Types: pointers to variables, functions, and arrays.

Operators

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %, etc.
• Comparison Operators: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=, etc.
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !, etc.
• Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, etc.

Standard Library

• Containers: vector, list, map, set, etc.
• Algorithms: sort, find, copy, etc.
• Input/Output: cin, cout, ifstream, ofstream, etc.
• Strings: string class for working with strings.

Compiling and Running C++ Code

• Compilers: Popular C++ compilers include GCC, Clang, and MSVC.
• Linking: The process of linking object files to create an executable file.
• ** Executing**: Running the compiled and linked executable file.

C++ Overview

• C++ is a high-performance, compiled, and general-purpose programming language.
• Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s as an extension of the C programming language.

Key Features

• Supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
• Provides a template metaprogramming system for generic programming.
• Allows manual memory management through pointers, which can be error-prone but provides low-level control.
• Supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

Syntax Basics

• Variables are declared using the type variable_name syntax.
• Control structures include if-else statements, switch statements, loops (for, while, do-while), and jump statements (break, continue, return).
• Functions are declared using the return_type function_name(parameters) syntax.
• Classes are defined using the class keyword.

Data Types

• Primitive types include int, float, double, char, bool, etc.
• Composite types include arrays, structures, unions, and classes.
• Pointer types include pointers to variables, functions, and arrays.

Operators

• Arithmetic operators include +, -, *, /, %, etc.
• Comparison operators include ==, !=, , =, etc.
• Logical operators include &&, ||, !, etc.
• Assignment operators include =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, etc.

Standard Library

• Containers include vector, list, map, set, etc.
• Algorithms include sort, find, copy, etc.
• Input/Output includes cin, cout, ifstream, ofstream, etc.
• Strings include the string class for working with strings.

Compiling and Running C++ Code

• Popular C++ compilers include GCC, Clang, and MSVC.
• Linking is the process of linking object files to create an executable file.
• Executing involves running the compiled and linked executable file.