Business Letters & Reports

Business Letter

• A business letter uses formal language
• Business letters are typically used when one business organization writes to another

Parts of a Business Letter

• The heading indicates the writer's address and the date
• The inside address includes the name, title, and address of the person or organization being addressed
• The salutation is the greeting (e.g., "Dear Sir/Madam")
• The body is the main part, containing the beginning, middle, and closing
• The closing finishes the letter courteously
• The signature includes the writer's handwritten and typed name

Other Business Letter Elements

• Reference notations
• Date of writing
• Subject and receiver's reference number
• Enclosures
• Reference initials
• Copy notation

Parts of a Book Review/Article Review

• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion

Four Stages of Literature Review

• Problem formulation
• Literature search
• Data evaluation
• Analysis and interpretation

Components of a Research Report

• Abstract or summary
• Introduction
• Review of related literature
• Methodology
• Result
• Summary and conclusion

Practical Research 1: Module 6

• Research is a scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts
• Citing a Problem is the first step in formulating a Qualitative research title
• Qualitative Research should start with "Why or How" questions
• Quantitative research is a method used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behavior, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger population
• A "Case Study" is emphasized when studying the title "Understanding Addiction: A Study of Adolescent Drug-users"
• Ethnography refers to the characteristics of a particular group and their nature
• A Case Study involves a long-time study of a particular group of people in psychology, medicine, and education
• Understanding work in a school with changing administrative decision-making is most appropriate for a qualitative approach
• Writing a letter ensures ethics in research to ensure participants have informed consent
• Not mentioning one's name ensures confidentiality of participants in research

Practical Research 1: POST-TEST

• Qualitative research involves non-numerical data
• A written report is a document review that is used as a method of data collection
• A theme represents subjective data
• the tendency in qualitative research to derive a complex array of data from a variety of sources, using variety of methods is termed as cross tabulation
• Recursive abstraction is a process of analyzing data by grouping them according to themes
• Thematic analysis is a detailed description of the setting or individuals followed by analysis of the data for themes or issues
• Systematic characteristics of good research that any conclusion drawn is based upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from real life experience or observation
• Focus groups is not an applicable data collection technique in qualitative research
• A defined code refers to the codes that are formulated by the researcher based on knowledge through the reviewed literatures
• Analysis is included as a part of data analysis where comprehensible statements are included after analyzing and synthesizing the patterns and categories that are derived from the findings
• Interpretation is a part of data analysis, where the knowledge and logical understanding is required
• Data presentation is a part of data analysis, that showcases the data for easy understanding of the reader, and can be displayed through tables, diagrams or other figures to easily understand
• Content analysis involves the identification, examination, and interpretation of patterns and themes in textual data
• Informed consent considers the protection of research participants by obtaining approval from participants through voluntary written consents
• Observation is if a researcher works at a cafeteria, and observes the waiters

Practical Research 1: Module 7

• A conclusion should be written to keep the interest of the readers back to the study
• The goal of writing the recommendation is to give suggestions for the improvement of the paper
• A URL that is lengthy is considered wrong
• It's necessary to include a conclusion to answer the research question
• A reference list provides credit to other research
• Author's date of birth is not necessary in referencing
• Methods gives a detailed explanation of how you have conducted your research
• Almost all research papers have a problem statement, hypothesis, definitions, literature review, sample of subjects, tests or other measuring instruments, description of procedures, and data analysis
• The title demonstrates the main problem of the given study
• Findings is the part that uses information from statistical processes or tools being used
• A sales report is a type of report
• A recommendation in the summary and conclusion of a research paper/report
• A persuasive report is the most common research report
• A sales report describes goods or services sold and the reasons
• The Results and Discussion section should provide recommendations of how other researchers could improve the study

Practical Research 1: POST TEST

• In writing a conclusion, revisit the research questions
• A summary of findings is a brief restatement of the components of the research
• A suggestion given for the improvement of the research is the recommendation
• Time written is not included when listing sources
• A research reference list should be written alphabetically
• Recommendations should be written logically
• The details of the contents of the paper are listed in the table of contents
• The introduction discusses the paper
• Summarizing the research paper as the last step to writing a paper
• Checking a paper for grammar issues is grammar checking
• Criticisms is not a basic section of a quantitative research paper
• An abstract provides a clear but brief summary of the research
• Provide a detailed analysis of the findings and implications of past research and the history of the field is not an aim of the introduction
• Results is the most difficult part to write
• APA means American Psychological Association