Questions and Answers
Methods of experimental science are more likely used to study one of the following subjects?
The idea that complex organisms are made of smaller simple parts was first introduced by:
Studying an organ using the help of a microscope is more likely called?
______ studied the blood circulation and _________ published the first atlas of anatomy.
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________ concluded that all organisms are composed of cells and ________ improved the microscope.
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Setting up experiments to answer scientific questions is characteristic of what type of scientific method?
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In science, a hypothesis is supported by a greater body of evidence than a theory.
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Which of the following scientific methods is the best to study physiology?
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Which of the following procedures is more likely used to prevent experimenter bias when performing experiments in humans?
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Peer review in science is important to ensure that all studies, no matter their quality, are published.
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Evolution theory states that the genetic composition of populations does not change no matter what.
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The fact that individuals with hereditary advantages produce more offspring under given selection pressures is more likely related to:
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DNA techniques suggest that there is a difference of only 23% in DNA structure between humans and:
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Regarding anatomical variation, when most organs are reversed in the body, this condition is more likely called?
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The mechanisms by which the human body maintains external (environment) stability are known as:
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The response of the body to overheating is sweating; this is more likely an example of:
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The contraction of the uterus that occurs during childbirth is an example of negative feedback.
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The body's response to an increase in body temperature (fever of 100°F) is an example of negative feedback.
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Anatomical names coined from names of people that first described these structures are acronyms.
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Schwann cells and Leydig cells are more likely eponyms.
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Which of the following techniques should not be used to study the anatomy of tissues?
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Which of the following techniques will more likely be used to confirm a baby is alive in a pregnant woman?
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Which of the following techniques has the best resolution to see soft tissues?
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Which of the following IS NOT a characteristic of anatomical position?
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When the palms face down or backwards, the forearm is said to be in what position?
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Which of the following planes divides the body into equal right and left parts?
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When you divide the abdomen externally in nine regions, the region that is located exactly below the umbilical region is called?
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Regarding body cavities, the heart is located in:
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The membrane that extends from the stomach to the liver is more likely:
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A serous membrane that suspends the large intestine to the dorsal wall is more likely:
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Which of the following is a potential space?
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Which of these systems in the body is more likely involved in the defense against disease and detection of pathogens?
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Atomic number depends on the presence of electrons in the nucleus of the atoms.
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If the atomic mass of one atom is 23 and its atomic number is 11, then this atom has:
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Isotopes are two or more atoms that differ in their number of protons.
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An atom that loses electrons becomes positively charged. This atom is known as:
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Which of the following health problems is related to an imbalance of electrolytes?
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Two or more atoms of the same element covalently bonded form more likely?
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Transfer of neutrons is characteristic of what type of bonds?
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Atoms share electrons equally in a nonpolar bond.
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Which of the following is a property of water?
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A mixture of NaCl and water is more likely classified as:
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The number of moles of water contained in 1 liter of solution refers more likely to:
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Regarding pH of the blood, if a person has a concentration of hydrogens of 0.000001 molar, then we said that the pH of this person is?
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Humans use buffers to regulate changes of which of the following?
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The chemical reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones are more likely:
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Which of the following terms is not related to catabolic reactions?
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Losing electrons is a process known as:
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The breakdown of polymers involves:
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If an organic molecule has an amino (NH2) group at one end and a Carboxyl (COOH) group at the other end, this molecule is more likely:
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Study Notes
Experimental Science and Anatomy
- Physiology is best studied using methods of experimental science, emphasizing observation and hypothesis testing.
- Gross anatomy involves studying larger structures without a microscope, while histology focuses on examining tissues at the microscopic level.
Historical Figures in Anatomy
- Aristotle pioneered the concept of complex organisms being composed of simpler parts.
- William Harvey studied blood circulation, and Andreas Vesalius published the first anatomical atlas, establishing foundational knowledge in the field.
- Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all organisms are composed of cells, with Zeiss enhancing microscopic techniques.
Scientific Methodologies
- The hypothetic-deductive method involves setting up experiments to test hypotheses, making it suitable for physiological studies.
- Experimental biases can be mitigated using double-blind procedures, ensuring objectivity in research findings.
Scientific Principles
- A hypothesis is not inherently more supported than a theory in the scientific hierarchy; evidence determines credibility.
- Evolution theory highlights that genetic variation within populations is influenced by natural selection, leading to adaptations.
Cellular and Genetic Comparisons
- Humans share approximately 77% DNA similarity with other primates, reflecting the shared evolutionary ancestry.
- Anatomical variation can result in conditions like situs inversus, where organs are mirrored from their typical positions.
Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms
- Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain internal stability despite external changes.
- Sweating is a negative feedback response to overheating, while childbirth contractions illustrate a positive feedback mechanism.
Anatomical Position and Planes
- The standard anatomical position has palms facing forward and eyes looking forward, essential for uniformity in anatomical descriptions.
- The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves, essential for anatomical orientation.
Body Cavities and Membranes
- The heart is situated within the ventral, thoracic, and pericardial cavities, highlighting its protective anatomical location.
- The lesser omentum connects the stomach to the liver, whereas the mesocolon suspends the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall.
Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds
- The atomic number is determined by the number of protons, while neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from atomic mass.
- Isotopes are variants of elements differing in neutron count, while ionic and covalent bonds denote electron transfer and sharing, respectively.
Water Properties and Solutions
- Water exhibits cohesion, adhesion, and thermal stability, vital for biological processes.
- A solution forms when substances, like NaCl in water, dissolve uniformly, illustrating a key concept in chemistry.
pH and Buffers in Biological Systems
- Blood pH is a critical factor, with concentrations of hydrogen ions affecting acidity; a concentration of 0.000001 molar corresponds to a pH of 6.
- Buffers in the human body help regulate pH stability, thereby maintaining homeostasis vital for cellular function.
Metabolism and Reactions
- Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules for energy, identified by terms like exergonic and oxidation.
- The hydrolysis process, or the addition of water, is crucial for breaking down polymers into monomers, essential in digestion and metabolism.
Molecular Structure of Proteins
- Organic molecules consisting of both amino and carboxyl groups are classified as proteins, fundamental to biological functions and structures.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in Anatomy & Physiology with this set of flashcards designed for Exam 1 of BSC2085. Covering experimental methods, historical figures, and foundational principles, these flashcards will help reinforce your understanding of the subject matter.
