Anatomy and Physiology: Axial Skeleton Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

What are the functions of the axial skeleton?

Support and protect organs, attach to muscles of head neck and trunk, stabilize parts of the perpendicular skeleton.

What are the major bones associated with the external occipital protruberance?

Occipital, Temporal, Temporal, Frontal, Temporal, Maxilla

What are the bones of the face?

Maxilla, Lacrimal, Nasal, Zygomatic, Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What does the Latin word 'lacrima' mean?

Tear Signup and view all the answers

Which bones of the face are the smallest and largest, respectively?

Lacrimal; Maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Support the larynx and is the attachment site for muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone absorbs the impact if a person struck on the head experiences trouble hearing and balancing?

Temporal Signup and view all the answers

What bone(s) may become fractured if someone punches you in the nose?

Frontal, Nasal, Lacrimal, Maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the sinuses?

Filtering and moistening air Signup and view all the answers

What is a deviated septum and what can it cause?

Bent nasal septum that slows/prevents sinuses from draining and allows for pressure changes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the terms used for both an oversized head and an undersized head?

Macrocephalic and microcephalic Signup and view all the answers

What is scoliosis?

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine in one or more locations. Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are there?

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebral regions are fused in an adult?

Sacrum and coccyx Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebral discs are the widest and narrowest, respectively?

Lumbar; cervical Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12 Signup and view all the answers

List the bones and markings of the sternum.

Manubrium, jugular notch, sternal body, xiphoid process Signup and view all the answers

What are ribs 1-7 called?

True ribs and vertebrosternal ribs Signup and view all the answers

What specific structure can easily be damaged while receiving CPR?

Xiphoid process of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

List the major bones of the appendicular system.

Clavicles, scapula, humerus, radius, pelvis, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula Signup and view all the answers

What bone is most commonly fractured during a fall?

Clavicles Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones are in the wrist and how many rows are there?

8 bones with two rows Signup and view all the answers

What are finger and toe bones called, respectively?

Phalanges Signup and view all the answers

How many wrist and palm bones are there, respectively?

8 carpals and 5 metacarpals Signup and view all the answers

How many bones comprise the carpus?

8 Signup and view all the answers

How many phalangeal bones are there?

<ol start="56"> <li>There are 14 in each hand/foot.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones of the hand provide a range of motion?

Carpals Signup and view all the answers

What are the major upper limb bones?

Humerus, radius, ulna Signup and view all the answers

What are bones that form the finger, palm, and wrist called?

Phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones of the wrist?

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones of the ankle?

Calcaneous, talus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiform bones - lateral, intermediate, medial Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest component of the coxal bone?

Ilium Signup and view all the answers

How do male and female pelvic outlets compare?

Females are wider and their sacrum is less curved Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Axial Skeleton Overview

Comprises 80 bones in total: 22 in the skull, 7 associated structures, 25 forming the thoracic cage, and 26 vertebrae.
Functions to support and protect vital organs, provide attachment for neck and trunk muscles, and stabilize the appendicular skeleton.

Major Bone Structures

External occipital protuberance located on the occipital bone.
External acoustic meatus and mastoid process found on the temporal bone.
Lacrimal fossa is situated in the frontal bone.
Zygomatic process is also part of the temporal bone.
Palatine process is a feature of the maxilla.

Facial Bones

Key facial bones include the maxilla, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, and mandible.
Lacrima translates to "tear" in Latin.
The lacrimal bone is the smallest, while the maxilla is the largest facial bone.

Hyoid Bone Function

Supports the larynx and serves as an attachment point for muscles involved in swallowing and speech.

Trauma Implications

The temporal bone is at risk during head trauma, leading to potential hearing and balance issues.
Fracturing various bones like the frontal, nasal, lacrimal, and maxilla can occur from nasal impacts.

Sinus Functions

Sinuses aid in air filtering and moisture retention.

Deviated Septum

Characterized by a bent nasal septum, which can hinder sinus drainage and affect pressure regulation.

Cephalic Terms

Macrocephalic refers to an oversized head, while microcephalic denotes an undersized head.

Scoliosis

Refers to the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Vertebral Counts

There are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae.
The sacrum and coccyx regions are fused in adults.

Rib Anatomy

Humans possess 12 pairs of ribs.
True ribs are classified as ribs 1-7, known as vertebrosternal ribs.
The xiphoid process of the sternum is vulnerable during CPR.

Appendicular Skeleton

Composed of the clavicles, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, tibia, and fibula.
Clavicles are the most frequently fractured bones during falls.

Carpal and Phalangeal Structure

The wrist contains 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows.
Phalanges refer to the finger and toe bones, totaling 56 (14 in each hand and foot).
The hand has 8 carpals and 5 metacarpals.

Wrist and Ankle Bones

The wrist bones include scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.
The ankle comprises the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the three cuneiform bones (lateral, intermediate, medial).

Pelvic Comparisons

The ilium is the largest component of the coxal bone.
Female pelvic outlets are generally wider, with a less curved sacrum compared to males.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the axial skeleton with these flashcards. Learn about the number of bones in the axial skeleton and their functions, including the skull, thoracic cage, and vertebral column. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.