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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic of bryophytes is most directly related to their reliance on moist environments?
Which characteristic of bryophytes is most directly related to their reliance on moist environments?
- Presence of vascular tissue for nutrient transport.
- Dependence on wind for seed dispersal.
- Possession of a waxy cuticle.
- Requirement of water for fertilization. (correct)
A botanist discovers a new species of bryophyte. Upon examination, they observe structures containing motile sperm. Which of the following structures is the botanist most likely observing?
A botanist discovers a new species of bryophyte. Upon examination, they observe structures containing motile sperm. Which of the following structures is the botanist most likely observing?
- Sporangia
- Antheridia (correct)
- Gemmae
- Archegonia
In bryophytes, what is the primary role of the gametophyte generation?
In bryophytes, what is the primary role of the gametophyte generation?
- To develop into a mature, seed-bearing plant.
- To conduct photosynthesis within vascular tissues.
- To provide nutrients to the parasitic sporophyte. (correct)
- To produce spores through meiosis.
Which of the following best describes the lifecycle of bryophytes?
Which of the following best describes the lifecycle of bryophytes?
A researcher is studying a population of liverworts and observes that some individuals have developed small cups on their upper surface containing gemmae. What is the most likely purpose of these gemmae?
A researcher is studying a population of liverworts and observes that some individuals have developed small cups on their upper surface containing gemmae. What is the most likely purpose of these gemmae?
Flashcards
Bryophytes
Bryophytes
Non-vascular plants without conductive tissue.
Cryptogams
Cryptogams
Plants with hidden sexual organs; reproduce without visible flowers.
Fertilization in Bryophytes
Fertilization in Bryophytes
Requires water (oogamy) for sperm to reach the egg.
Asexual reproduction methods
Asexual reproduction methods
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Haplodiplobiotic life cycle
Haplodiplobiotic life cycle
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Study Notes
Bryophytes
- Bryophytes are non-vascular plants, lacking conductive tissues.
- Sexual organs (e.g., archegonia, antheridia) do not visibly appear.
- Fertilization requires water (oogamy).
- Covered in a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.
- Examples include mosses (bryopsida), liverworts (hepaticopsida), and hornworts (anthoceropsida).
Asexual Reproduction
- Fragmentation: Pieces of the gametophyte break off and develop into new plants.
- Gemmae: Tiny structures on the gametophyte (e.g., on a liverwort) that are released and grow into new gametophytes when dispersed by water.
Sexual Reproduction
- Bryophytes have a haplodiplobiotic life cycle.
- Haploid (n) > diploid (2n): The cycle alternates between haploid and diploid stages.
- Mitosis: The gametangia (male - antheridia and female - archegonia) produce gametes via mitosis. Each antheridium produces many motile male gametes. Each archegonium produces one egg.
- Fusion: The sperm fertilizes the egg to produce a diploid zygote.
- Bryophyte variation: Some bryophytes can have both male and female structures in a single gametophyte.
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Description
Explore the world of bryophytes, non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Learn about their unique characteristics, such as the absence of conductive tissues and the necessity of water for fertilization. Discover both asexual (fragmentation and gemmae) and sexual reproduction methods.
