Characteristics of Bryophytes

Bryophytes Overview

• Non-vascular plants lack vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves.
• Transport water and minerals through osmosis and diffusion.

Major Phyla of Bryophytes

• Mosses: Belong to Phylum Bryophyta.
• Liverworts: Represented by Phylum Hepatophyta.
• Hornworts: Part of Phylum Anthocerotophyta.

Key Structures and Adaptations

• Rhizoid: Thin, root-like structures that anchor mosses and absorb water and nutrients.
• Cuticle: Waxy covering that prevents desiccation in terrestrial environments.

Reproductive Structures

• Protanema: The first filament from a germinating spore; grows horizontally and generates buds to form new gametophytes.
• Antheridium: Male reproductive structure found in some algae and plants.
• Archegonium: Female reproductive structure in certain algae and plants.

Ecological Roles

• Pioneer Plants: First species to colonize harsh environments, well-adapted for survival.

Size and Habitat

• Bryophytes generally measure around 1-2 cm tall.
• Absorb water from surrounding air or nearby sources.

Characteristics of Bryophyte Phyla

• Phylum Bryophyta: Features a short central stem with wiry branches and root-like rhizoids; most diverse bryophytes.
• Phylum Hepatophyta: Identified by flattened, drooping leaves; some have umbrella-shaped reproductive structures; reproduce through fragmentation and sexually.
• Phylum Anthocerophyta: Characterized by slimy texture, growth in moist, shaded areas, and narrow, horn-like sporophytes; can reproduce through fragmentation.