60 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of bronchiectasis?
Permanent abnormal dilation of bronchi
What is the main cause of bronchiectasis?
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following is a common symptom of bronchiectasis?
Cough with copious purulent sputum
What is the relationship between bronchiectasis and pulmonary infections?
Frequent association
What is the effect of bronchiectasis on the elastic and muscular components of bronchial walls?
Destruction
How do pulmonary function tests (PFTs) vary in bronchiectasis?
They worsen
What is the basis of GOLD System Grades for COPD?
FEV1/FVC ratio
Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of bronchiectasis?
Chest pain
What is the term used to describe the abnormal dilation of bronchioles in bronchiectasis?
Bronchiolitis
Which of the following conditions is strongly associated with bronchiectasis?
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores?
Higher scores indicate more severe impact of COPD on the individual's life
What does the BODE Index predict in COPD?
Mortality
Which of the following is a characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF)?
It leads to decreased exercise tolerance
What is a common clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis?
Digital clubbing
What is a possible intervention for children with cystic fibrosis?
Bronchial hygiene
What is Mrs. D's primary diagnosis based on the given information?
Emphysema
What is a particular concern regarding Mrs. D's condition?
CO2 retention
What is the purpose of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene?
Regulating chloride ion levels
What does the BODE Index score range from?
0 to 10
What is a characteristic of COPD Groups based on risk and symptom presence?
They consider both risk and symptom presence
What is a common symptom of pleural effusion?
Chest pain
What is the purpose of thoracentesis in the treatment of pleural effusion?
To biopsy the pleura or lung
Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose pleural effusion?
X-ray
What is the effect of pleural effusion on breath sounds?
Decreased breath sounds
What is the primary treatment for pleural effusion?
Treat underlying cause
What is the characteristic sign of pleural effusion on a chest radiograph?
Blunting of the costophrenic angle
Which lung function parameter is typically normal in pleural effusion?
Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO)
What is the purpose of pleurodesis in the treatment of pleural effusion?
To make the visceral and parietal pleura adhere to the chest wall
What is the effect of pleural effusion on percussion of the chest?
Dullness
What is the effect of pleural effusion on arterial blood gases?
Normal PaO2 and PaCO2
Which of the following is a common sign of restrictive lung dysfunction?
Increased respiratory rate
What is a characteristic sign of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
End-inspiratory crackles
Which type of pneumonia is localized in a lobe?
Lobar pneumonia
What is a common symptom of bacterial pneumonia?
Productive cough
What is the main treatment for pneumonia?
Antibiotics
What is the definition of pleural effusions?
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
What is the most common cause of transudate pleural effusions?
CHF
What is the most common cause of exudate pleural effusions?
Infections
What is the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Inflammatory process in the alveolar wall
What is the primary goal in the treatment of restrictive lung disorders?
Maximize O2 delivery
Pleural effusions can cause decreased volumes, DLCO, and flow rates on PFTs.
True
The costophrenic angle appears blurred on a chest radiograph in pleural effusion.
True
Arterial blood gases in pleural effusion typically show abnormal PaO2 and PaCO2 levels.
False
Bronchial sounds and egophony are typically heard just above the pleural effusion.
True
Pleural effusion causes increased fremitus and resonant percussion.
False
Pleural effusion can lead to cardiovascular abnormalities.
False
Shortness of breath is a common symptom of pleural effusion.
True
Thoracentesis is a treatment option for pleural effusion.
True
Pleurodesis involves the use of drugs or chemicals to prevent fluid buildup in pleural effusion.
True
Parietal pleura can be irritated during thoracotomy in pleural effusion.
True
Restrictive lung dysfunction is caused by pulmonary, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, connective tissue, immunologic, pregnancy, metabolic, and traumatic factors.
True
Pectus Carinatum is a condition characterized by a prominent carina in the middle of the chest.
True
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is caused by an unknown etiology.
True
Pneumonia is the 5th most common cause of death.
True
Pneumonia can be categorized as community acquired or nosocomial.
True
Bronchopneumonia is a type of pneumonia that is diffuse in location.
True
Left lung pneumonia appears as solid black in the entire left lung on X-ray.
True
Pleural effusions are defined as the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
True
Transudate pleural effusions have a high-protein count and are caused by infections, carcinoma, and lupus.
False
Bronchiectasis is strongly associated with cystic fibrosis.
True
Study Notes
Respiratory System Disorders
- Bronchiectasis is characterized by abnormal dilation of bronchioles.
- The main cause of bronchiectasis is pulmonary infections.
- A common symptom of bronchiectasis is chronic coughing with pus-filled mucus.
- Bronchiectasis can lead to the destruction of elastic and muscular components of bronchial walls.
- Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in bronchiectasis may show airflow obstruction.
- GOLD System Grades for COPD are based on FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second).
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is strongly associated with bronchiectasis.
Cystic Fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene.
- A common clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis is recurrent respiratory infections.
- A possible intervention for children with cystic fibrosis is genetic testing.
Pleural Effusion
- Pleural effusion is defined as the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
- A common symptom of pleural effusion is shortness of breath.
- Thoracentesis is a treatment option for pleural effusion.
- Pleural effusion can cause decreased volumes, DLCO, and flow rates on PFTs.
- The costophrenic angle appears blurred on a chest radiograph in pleural effusion.
- Arterial blood gases in pleural effusion typically show abnormal PaO2 and PaCO2 levels.
Other Respiratory Disorders
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an unknown etiology.
- The primary goal in the treatment of restrictive lung disorders is to improve oxygenation.
- Lobar pneumonia is localized in a lobe.
- The main treatment for pneumonia is antibiotics.
- Restrictive lung dysfunction can be caused by various factors, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular diseases.
- Pectus Carinatum is a condition characterized by a prominent carina in the middle of the chest.
Test your knowledge of bronchiectasis, a condition characterized by permanent abnormal dilation and distortion of medium-sized bronchi and bronchioles. This quiz will cover its association with infections, its strong link to cystic fibrosis, and the signs and symptoms associated with the disease.
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