Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary structural change in the bronchial wall associated with bronchiectasis?
What is the primary structural change in the bronchial wall associated with bronchiectasis?
Which of the following conditions is considered a congenital etiology for bronchiectasis?
Which of the following conditions is considered a congenital etiology for bronchiectasis?
What results from the impaired mucociliary clearance mechanism in bronchiectasis?
What results from the impaired mucociliary clearance mechanism in bronchiectasis?
Which infectious agent is commonly associated with acquired bronchiectasis?
Which infectious agent is commonly associated with acquired bronchiectasis?
Signup and view all the answers
In which of the following scenarios might bronchial obstruction lead to bronchiectasis?
In which of the following scenarios might bronchial obstruction lead to bronchiectasis?
Signup and view all the answers
What physical changes signal cystic bronchiectasis on a radiograph?
What physical changes signal cystic bronchiectasis on a radiograph?
Signup and view all the answers
Which clinical manifestation is NOT commonly associated with bronchiectasis?
Which clinical manifestation is NOT commonly associated with bronchiectasis?
Signup and view all the answers
What radiographic feature is indicative of left lower lobe bronchiectasis?
What radiographic feature is indicative of left lower lobe bronchiectasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition results primarily from complete bronchial obstruction in bronchiectasis?
Which condition results primarily from complete bronchial obstruction in bronchiectasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Identify the false statement regarding bronchiectasis in a radiographic setting.
Identify the false statement regarding bronchiectasis in a radiographic setting.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiectasis is defined as permanent dilatation and distortion of a portion of a bronchus due to structural weakness in the airway wall after chronic and recurrent infection and inflammation of airways.
- Destruction includes bronchial wall cartilage, blood vessels, elastic tissue, and smooth muscles.
- Pathophysiology: Mucociliary clearance mechanism is impaired due to bronchial wall destruction, resulting in the accumulation of copious amounts of bronchial secretions. The small bronchi/bronchioles distal to the affected areas become partially or totally obstructed with secretions. This leads to hyperinflation of the distal alveoli, or atelectasis, consolidation, or fibrosis from complete bronchial obstruction.
- Etiology: Bronchiectasis can be either acquired or congenital.
- Acquired: Recurrent Pulmonary Infections (TB, pneumonia, pertussis; Fungal; Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis); Bronchial obstruction (foreign body, tumor); Inhalation and aspiration.
- Congenital: Kartagener's syndrome (difficulty clearing mucus secretions); immunodeficiency; Cystic fibrosis (50%).
- Clinical findings of Bronchiectasis:
- Objectives: State definitions, recognize pathophysiology, describe clinical findings in chest X-ray, describe available treatments.
- Chest X-Ray Findings: Multiple ring opacities, most obvious at the lung bases, ranging from 3 to 15 mm in diameter; Overinflated lungs; Volume loss of the affected lobe, often with a depressed hilum; Vertical main stem bronchus; Left-sided transradiance; Diffuse complex pulmonary shadowing; dilated fluid-filled airways; Cylindrical or cystic, affecting the lower, or main lobe.
- Vital Signs: Increased respiratory rate; Increased heart rate; Increased blood pressure; Increased cardiac output.
- Inspection: Pursed lip breathing; Use of accessory muscles during inspiration and expiration; Venous distention; Barrel chest; Cyanosis; Digital clubbing; Peripheral edema.
- Palpation: Decreased tactile fremitus.
- Percussion: Hyporesonant on consolidation, hyperresonant in other areas.
- Auscultation: Diminished breath sounds; Rhonchi; Wheezing.
- Other Clinical findings: Cough, sputum production, hemoptysis. Chronic cough with large quantities of sputum is common.
-
ABG Findings:
- Mild to Moderate: pH: Increased; PaCO2: Decreased; HCO3: Decreased (slightly); PaO2: Decreased.
- Chronic: pH: Normal; PaCO2: Increased; HCO3: Increased (significantly); PaO2: Decreased.
-
Treatment:
- Respiratory Care Treatments: Oxygen therapy; Bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy; Hyperinflation therapy; Aerosolized medication therapy (bronchodilators, steroids); Mechanical ventilation.
- Other Treatments: Bronchodilators; Expectorants; Antibiotics; Hydration; Surgical resection (rare, severe cases); Lung transplant (rare, severe cases).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the definition, pathophysiology, and etiology of bronchiectasis. Learn about the causes of this condition, including both acquired and congenital factors. Test your understanding of the impact of bronchial wall destruction and its consequences on respiratory function.
