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Bronchiectasis
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Bronchiectasis

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@RationalTucson

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?

  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Agammaglobinemia
  • Dyskinetic cilia syndrome
  • Hypogammaglobinemia
  • Which pathogen is the most common cause of exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis?

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (correct)
  • Aspergillus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • What radiological finding is characteristic of bronchiectasis on high-resolution CT?

  • "Tree in bud" nodular opacities
  • Pleural effusions
  • "Signet ring" luminal airway adjacent to an artery (correct)
  • Consolidation
  • Which genetic test is used for confirming cystic fibrosis diagnosis?

    <p>Sweat chloride test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of bronchiectasis?

    <p>Recurrent or persistent pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic threshold for chloride in sweat when testing for cystic fibrosis?

    <p>More than 60 meq/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic treatment is recommended for cystic fibrosis exacerbations lasting over 10 days?

    <p>Fluoroquinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment duration for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

    <p>12-18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is beneficial for non-cystic fibrosis patients to promote mucus clearance?

    <p>Inhaled isotonic saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is surgery indicated for cystic fibrosis patients?

    <p>For lung obstruction by a tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bronchiectasis

    • The most common cause of bronchiectasis is cystic fibrosis

    Pathogen and Exacerbation

    • The most common cause of exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis is Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Radiological Finding

    • The characteristic radiological finding of bronchiectasis on high-resolution CT is dilated bronchi with thickened walls

    Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis

    • Genetic testing for cystic fibrosis diagnosis involves identifying mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene

    Clinical Features of Bronchiectasis

    • A common clinical feature of bronchiectasis is recurrent coughing with thick, purulent sputum

    Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis

    • The diagnostic threshold for chloride in sweat when testing for cystic fibrosis is >60 mmol/L

    Antibiotic Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis

    • For cystic fibrosis exacerbations lasting over 10 days, antibiotic treatment recommended is combination therapy with a β-lactam and an aminoglycoside

    Treatment for MAC Infections

    • The recommended treatment duration for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections in cystic fibrosis patients is at least 12 months

    Mucus Clearance Therapy

    • Airway clearance therapy, such as chest physiotherapy, is beneficial for non-cystic fibrosis patients to promote mucus clearance

    Indications for Surgery in Cystic Fibrosis

    • Surgery is indicated for cystic fibrosis patients with localised bronchiectasis or lung transplantation

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    Description

    Learn about bronchiectasis, an acquired disease characterized by the permanent dilatation and destruction of bronchial walls. Explore the factors that contribute to this condition, such as infectious insults, impairment in drainage, airway obstruction, and defects in host defense. Understand the etiology of bronchiectasis, including localized causes like foreign bodies and tumors, and diffuse causes like cystic fibrosis and dyskinetic cilia syndrome.

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