Broiler Production and Management in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What symptom is associated with iron deficiency in broilers?

  • Increased fragility of bone
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Severe anemia (correct)
  • Enlarged thyroid

    • Which management practice is recommended to reduce feed wastage when using trough feeders?

  • Keep the brim of feeders level with the back of the chickens (correct)
  • Use larger feeders for younger chickens
  • Fill the feeder to half its capacity
  • Fill beyond one-third of the capacity

    • What is the most appropriate alternative to mash feed for broilers?

  • Raw grains
  • Pelleted or crumbled feed (correct)
  • Whole seeds
  • Liquid feeds

    • What is the primary purpose of using antifungal agents in broiler feed?

    <p>To prevent mold growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency symptom is associated with copper in broilers?

    <p>Thickened epiphyseal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is referred to as Crazy Chick Disease?

    <p>Exudative Diathesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining farm records in broiler production?

    <p>To evaluate production efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key indicator of feed efficiency in broiler production?

    <p>Weight gain per feed unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Production Efficiency Factor (PEF) help assess in broiler farming?

    <p>Overall production performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the operating and maintenance costs associated with in a broiler business?

    <p>All expenses required for daily operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to determine the quality of broilers before market?

    <p>Visual inspection of feathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor in broiler marketing?

    <p>Timing of sales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial when analyzing the costs in a broiler operation?

    <p>Operating and maintenance costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended height for the hover above newly arrived chicks?

    <p>15 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT suggested for use as brooder guards?

    <p>Plastic sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can a 50-kg LPG cylinder provide heat for broiler chicks?

    <p>18 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before the arrival of the chicks in the brooding house?

    <p>Turn on the heater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing survival rate and growth performance of broiler chicks during brooding?

    <p>Handling of newly arrived chicks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using circular brooder guards?

    <p>To prevent trapping of chicks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should weak chicks be separated from active ones?

    <p>Immediately after opening the chick boxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method some farms use to control temperature in the brooder house?

    <p>Using burlap curtains as false ceilings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action regarding dead chicks found in the boxes?

    <p>Dispose of them properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the heating units be adjusted as broiler chicks grow older than 4 days?

    <p>Set the hover higher above the chicks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has contributed to the rise in chicken meat importation since 1994?

    <p>Implementation of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT-WTO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of cheaper imported chicken for local broiler farmers?

    <p>Many farmers ceased operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue has led to unpredictable prices of broiler meat in the local industry?

    <p>Unstable supply of broiler meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a recent contributing factor to the reduction in chicken meat consumption?

    <p>Avian flu virus infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the local broiler production in 2004 compared to 2002?

    <p>Increased to 493,000.72 t from 452,000.84 t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the annual growth rate of local broiler production from 2002 to 2004?

    <p>4.42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the increase in imported chicken products primarily indicate about the local economy?

    <p>Decline in local agricultural production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted large integrated commercial broiler producers to scale down production?

    <p>Entry of cheaper imported chicken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Despite challenges, how much broiler meat did the local industry export to Japan in early 2004?

    <p>1.5 million kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial challenge is posed by the high costs associated with imported chicken products?

    <p>They lead to lower farmgate prices for local produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason mash feed is recommended for use only during the first 2 weeks?

    <p>It is commonly used under local conditions for its availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do broilers generally start to prefer starter pellets over other feed types?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total feed consumption is accounted for by prestarter feed?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feed type is commonly recommended for broilers at about 4 weeks of age?

    <p>Broiler finisher pellets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of feed is preferred over mash feed when available?

    <p>Crumble feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily weight gain of broilers from day-old up to 10 days old on mash feed?

    <p>24.50g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the average feed consumption change from day 11 to day 24?

    <p>It increases to 67.10g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using mash feed during the early weeks?

    <p>Simplicity in preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feed type is suggested for the growing period when crumbles or pellets are not available?

    <p>Mash feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group of broilers shows the highest average daily weight gain according to the provided data?

    <p>11-24 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of vaccination failure in chickens?

    <p>Administering a vaccine that does not match the pathogen strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice should be avoided to ensure effective vaccination of chickens?

    <p>Using expired vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to manage maternal antibodies in young chicks during vaccination?

    <p>They can prevent vaccines from working effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice for storing vaccines before use?

    <p>Store vaccines in a refrigerator at 4°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is crucial during the vaccination process to ensure effectiveness?

    <p>Administering reconstituted live vaccines within 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective for a broiler breeder farm concerning bird production?

    <p>Achieving uniformity in physical characteristics and production performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should the size of male birds be graded for a broiler breeding flock?

    <p>35 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do integrators play in the Philippine broiler industry supply chain?

    <p>They control production inputs and manage contract grower farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of locally produced dressed chickens in the Philippines is sold in wet markets?

    <p>65–70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do smaller companies differ from integrated firms in the broiler industry supply chain?

    <p>They provide contract services for various stages of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of 'viajeros' within the supply chain?

    <p>They act as traders buying and selling live broiler chickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge faced by independent growers in the broiler industry?

    <p>Securing critical inputs like DOCs and feeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are the primary buyers for locally produced dressed chickens aside from wet markets?

    <p>Institutional buyers like restaurants and supermarkets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do broilers commonly prefer starter pellets over mash or crumbles?

    <p>2–3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the preference of pellets or crumbles over mash feed?

    <p>Higher nutritional content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does prestarter feed account for in total feed consumption?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feed type is most commonly used during the entire growing period under local conditions?

    <p>Mash feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily weight gain of broilers from day 11 to 24?

    <p>45.00 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feed type is recommended for broilers at about 4 weeks of age?

    <p>Finisher pellets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is easier to prepare and cheaper than crumbles or pellets?

    <p>Mash feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total feed consumption is accounted for by finisher feeds?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particle size is associated with broiler finisher pellets?

    <p>Large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average feed consumption from day 1 to 10?

    <p>24.60 g/days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with a deficiency in Vitamin A?

    <p>Anorexia and growth retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency is characterized by soft and pliable beak and claws?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deficiency in which vitamin is most likely to result in delayed blood clotting?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of selenium deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with Niacin deficiency?

    <p>Dermatitis and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of Vitamin B2 deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Curled toe paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended strategy to ensure that feed remains fresh and palatable in trough feeders?

    <p>Limit feeding to one-third of feeder capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency is associated with enlarged thyroids in broilers?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency is linked to growth retardation and paralysis?

    <p>Vitamin B1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the symptoms associated with Vitamin E deficiency?

    <p>Exudative diathesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the use of pelleted or crumbled feed recommended for broilers over mash feed?

    <p>These forms of feed stimulate higher feed intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antifungal agents in broiler feed?

    <p>To prevent mold growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for preventing leg weakness in broilers?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of copper deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Thickened epiphyseal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A significant symptom of Vitamin B6 deficiency includes which of the following?

    <p>Dermatitis and convulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the brim of feeders be positioned in relation to the chickens?

    <p>Level with the back of the chickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid deficiency can lead to liver fat buildup and respiratory disease susceptibility?

    <p>Linoleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive moisture content in grains lead to in broiler production?

    <p>Mold growth and mycotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of not using the right size of feeders for broilers?

    <p>More feed wastage due to beaking out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicates severe anemia in broilers due to iron deficiency?

    <p>Reduction in packed cell volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the implementation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT-WTO) in 1994 have on the local chicken market?

    <p>It opened the market to cheaper imported chicken products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have many independent commercial broiler farmers stopped operations?

    <p>There has been an influx of cheaper imported chicken products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which recent problem has affected the local broiler industry and contributed to unstable prices?

    <p>Reduction in chicken meat consumption due to avian flu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the change in local broiler production from 2002 to 2004?

    <p>$452,000.84$ t in 2002 to $493,000.72$ t in 2004, with an annual growth rate of $4.42%$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge has faced the local broiler industry despite its recovery in 2004?

    <p>High prices and build-up of broiler meat inventory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has influenced large integrated commercial broiler producers to modify their operations?

    <p>The need to engage in importation of frozen meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the extraordinarily high prices of broiler meat by the end of the first quarter of 2004?

    <p>Unstable supply of broiler meat and reduced consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much broiler meat did the local industry manage to export to Japan early in 2004?

    <p>1.5 million kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common post-mortem lesion associated with Newcastle Disease (NCD) in poultry?

    <p>Proventricular hemorrhages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended preventive measure for controlling Newcastle Disease in poultry?

    <p>Use of live, attenuated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) affecting broiler chickens?

    <p>Primarily affects chickens 2 to 6 weeks of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice should be followed if an outbreak of NCD is suspected in a poultry farm?

    <p>Quarantine and isolate sick chickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective method to manage secondary bacterial infections in chickens during a Newcastle Disease outbreak?

    <p>Provide broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue does the importation of low-priced leg quarters pose to local broiler production?

    <p>It distorts the market prices of broiler meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in the Philippines has the highest concentration of broiler farms?

    <p>Central Luzon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification of farms produces 100,000 or more broilers per harvest?

    <p>Large commercial farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of operation do integrated grower farms engage in?

    <p>They breed, hatch, grow, and market their products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification covers farms producing not more than 1,000 broilers per harvest?

    <p>Smallhold/backyard farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the annual growth rate of the broiler population from 1995 to 2005?

    <p>3.63%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to problems faced by local individual broiler producers?

    <p>Wide disparity between farmgate and retail prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification describes farms that contract to grow chickens for an integrator?

    <p>Contract grower farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2005, what was the approximate broiler population in the Philippines?

    <p>40 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the importation of cut-up broiler meat have on local producers?

    <p>It causes significant harm by pushing prices down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crude protein percentage in the medium formulation of Broiler Finisher Mash?

    <p>18.70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient has the highest percentage in the low formulation of Broiler Finisher Mash?

    <p>Corn, yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolizable energy (M.E.) value in kcal/kg for the high formulation?

    <p>2900</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice for catching broilers to minimize stress?

    <p>Catch the broilers in small groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the high formulation, what is the percentage of crude fat?

    <p>7.82%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can overheating drinking water negatively impact broilers?

    <p>It decreases their growth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient's percentage remains constant across all formulations of Broiler Finisher Mash?

    <p>Rice bran D1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important housing consideration for broiler production?

    <p>A long and narrow house facilitates better ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid shows the highest percentage in the high formulation of Broiler Finisher Mash?

    <p>Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management action during warm weather regarding feed?

    <p>Restrict feeding when high temperatures are anticipated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the available phosphorus percentage in the medium formulation?

    <p>0.39%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before catching broilers to prepare for the process?

    <p>Remove feeders and waterers from the pens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient varies the most between the low and high formulations?

    <p>Crude coconut oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient is considered beneficial as an energy source for broilers during hot weather?

    <p>Full-fat soya for its high-quality fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total weight of ingredients in each formulation of Broiler Finisher Mash?

    <p>1000.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of pelleting broiler feeds?

    <p>Increased feed cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of overcrowding broilers inside a crate?

    <p>Increases stress and potential injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of frequent handling of broilers?

    <p>Increased stress and reduced performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal setup for nipple drinkers in broiler housing?

    <p>Adjusted to supply an optimum volume of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of broiler housing to enhance their health and wellbeing?

    <p>Good insulation for temperature control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which actions are recommended for catching and hauling broilers effectively?

    <p>Remove feeders and waterers before catching the birds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended strategy to minimize stress in broilers during hot weather?

    <p>Provide them with cold drinking water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important management practice to ensure proper housing for broilers?

    <p>Maintaining houses in good condition is crucial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should broilers be handled during catching to avoid injuries?

    <p>Support their bodies or hold both legs gently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feeding practice is suggested during warm weather to enhance broiler performance?

    <p>Provide pellets and crumbles to improve feed consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for marketing broilers at the recommended age of 36–42 days?

    <p>To minimize feed costs associated with delayed growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a farmer consider when selecting a strain of broiler?

    <p>The strain's adaptability to local conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the availability of quality feeds and farm inputs impact a broiler project?

    <p>It is critical for achieving high production efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of delayed marketing of broilers?

    <p>Reduced profit and possible losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is important for the selection of broiler stocks under Philippine conditions?

    <p>The performance record of the strain in similar environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is proximity to markets important for broiler farms?

    <p>It facilitates quick delivery of raw materials and birds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a suggested improvement for broiler production efficiency?

    <p>Investing in modern facilities and equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of community environmental policies on the location of broiler farms?

    <p>They can restrict the types of livestock that can be raised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used material for constructing the main frame of broiler houses?

    <p>Coconut lumber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which roofing material is considered the most popular in Luzon due to the area's conditions?

    <p>Galvanized iron sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common flooring material is used in local broiler houses?

    <p>Bamboo, wood, or rattan slats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended width of slats used in slatted-floor housing for broilers?

    <p>2.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is currently favored over welded wire as an overlay for slatted floors?

    <p>Plastic nets or fishnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of housing is commonly used by local broiler raisers for better ventilation?

    <p>Slatted-floor type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit is associated with the use of tunnel ventilation in litter-floor type housing?

    <p>Control of in-house environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature is essential for posts in the construction of broiler houses?

    <p>A diameter of at least 20.3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what orientation should broiler houses be constructed to minimize sunlight exposure?

    <p>East-west</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which litter materials are commonly used in litter-floor type housing?

    <p>Rice hull and rice straw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material can be used for making curtains to prevent drafts in the brooder house?

    <p>Empty feedbags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lighting options is best to help chicks locate feed and water in a brooder pen?

    <p>5- to 10-watt bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor for ensuring successful brooding of chicks?

    <p>Proper sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these animals is NOT typically considered a predator to chicks in a brooder?

    <p>Cows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cheap heat source suitable for broiler chicks?

    <p>Charcoal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heating method is commonly used in large-scale poultry farms?

    <p>LPG-fueled heaters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can electricity be utilized for heating in a brooder house?

    <p>With infrared lamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to ensure that a brooder house is secure from predators?

    <p>Enclose with sturdy materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does proper lighting play in brooder pens?

    <p>Helps chicks to find heat sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following heating sources is typically NOT used for chicks?

    <p>Wood chips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indicator when choosing a strain of broiler chicks for beginners?

    <p>The strain's popularity in the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to purchase day-old broiler chicks from a reputable supplier?

    <p>It is crucial for achieving success in broiler production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in the design of broiler housing?

    <p>Adaptability to local climatic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general recommendation for materials used in constructing a broiler house?

    <p>Locally available and cheap materials without sacrificing quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended condition for broiler housing?

    <p>High-end luxury finishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time for delivering day-old chicks to optimize their success?

    <p>During the cooler parts of the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT important in the housing of broiler chickens?

    <p>Attractive design for visitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a beginner find it beneficial to choose a strain of broiler chicks that performs well locally?

    <p>These strains indicate good adaptability to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common practice regarding the construction of a broiler house?

    <p>Considering the ease of work for caretakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting a supplier for day-old broiler chicks?

    <p>The supplier's reputation and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended withdrawal period for medications before slaughtering broiler chickens?

    <p>5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cleaning and disinfection is true?

    <p>Organic matter can reduce disinfectant effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should anti-malarial preparations typically begin for broiler chickens if the disease is prevalent?

    <p>10–14 days old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is considered most effective for cleaning poultry houses?

    <p>Pressure hose with or without detergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of disinfectants intended for decontamination of buildings?

    <p>They should work well in the presence of high organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crude protein percentage in the high formulation of broiler starter mash?

    <p>20.70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient has the highest amount in the low formulation of broiler starter mash?

    <p>Corn, yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the medium formulation, what is the amount of crude coconut oil included?

    <p>16.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolizable energy (M.E.) in kcal/kg for the low formulation?

    <p>2737</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient in the high formulation contributes 12.50?

    <p>Limestone, fine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of crude fat does the medium formulation of broiler starter mash contain?

    <p>5.80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action within the first 48 hours after the arrival of broiler chicks?

    <p>Monitor their condition more frequently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of available phosphorus in the high formulation?

    <p>0.44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of crude fiber percentage, which formulation of broiler starter mash has the highest value?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should brooder temperature be managed as broiler chicks grow?

    <p>Decrease the temperature by $3^{ ext{oC/week}}$ until they are 3 weeks old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids has the highest percentage in the high formulation?

    <p>Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential practice to prevent cannibalism in broiler flocks?

    <p>Provide adequate floor space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total weight of the broiler starter mash formulations?

    <p>1000 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for controlling cannibalism among injured broilers?

    <p>Treat wounds and remove from the flock if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be added to the drinking water of broiler chicks within the first few days to enhance their vigor?

    <p>Vitamin-mineral supplements with antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to cull weak, deformed, and sickly chicks promptly?

    <p>To prevent potential diseases from spreading in the flock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of cannibalism in broiler chickens?

    <p>Overcrowding in the brooding area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended distance for placing waterers from feeders in a broiler setting?

    <p>About 1 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency is characterized by crusty dermatitis of the foot pod, eyes, and mouth, in addition to perosis and poor feathering?

    <p>Biotin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral deficiency is associated with soft bones and impaired feed utilization?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of manganese deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Perosis and malformation of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient deficiency may lead to severe scaling of the skin and very poor feathering?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency can result in increased urine value and rickets in broilers?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency is linked to macrocytic anemia and slow growth in broilers?

    <p>Folic acid (folacin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom associated with potassium deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Muscle weakness and cardiac problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of chlorine deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Extremely poor growth rate and high mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency would likely cause encrustations around the beak and eyes?

    <p>Pantothenic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What result is often seen with a deficiency in phosphorus among broilers?

    <p>Rickets and poor growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of using feeder troughs that are too full?

    <p>Higher likelihood of feed wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pelleted or crumbled feeds preferred over mash feed for broilers?

    <p>They stimulate higher feed intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency symptom is typically observed with selenium deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical condition for using mold inhibitors in broiler feeds?

    <p>Grain damage or insect-infestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should feeder height be adjusted to minimize feed wastage?

    <p>At the level of the chickens' backs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using antifungal agents in broiler feed?

    <p>Prevents fungal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient deficiency is characterized by severe anemia with reduced packed cell volume?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not commonly used to enhance growth in broiler rations?

    <p>High moisture grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with copper deficiency in broilers?

    <p>Increased fragility of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management practice is essential for maintaining fresh and palatable feed?

    <p>Limit the feed in the trough to one-third capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Broiler Production in the Philippines

    • Despite the avian flu scare in 2004, the Philippine broiler industry recovered and exported 1.5 million kg of broiler meat to Japan.
    • Local broiler production increased from 452,000.84 tonnes in 2002 to 493,000.72 tonnes in 2004.
    • The broiler industry faces challenges due to unstable supply of broiler meat that leads to unpredictable prices, and the apparent reduction in chicken meat consumption caused by avian flu virus infections in some Asian countries.

    Brooding Management

    • The brooding house must be clean, repaired, and disinfected before chicks arrive.
    • The heater should be turned on 4 hours before the arrival of chicks.
    • The hover of the heating unit should be adjusted based on the age of the chicks, starting at 15 cm above the back of newly arrived chicks.
    • Brooder guards are used to confine chicks near the heat source.
    • Some poultry farms use cages with incandescent bulbs for brooding.
    • Some farms use a "false ceiling" made of burlap curtain to control the temperature in the brooder house.

    Handling Broiler Chicks

    • Place chick boxes on the floor of the brooder with adequate air supply to prevent suffocation.
    • Separate weak chicks from active ones.
    • Remove and properly dispose dead chicks.
    • Release active chicks into the brooder compartment and dispose empty boxes properly.

    Broiler Feed

    • Mash feed is recommended for the first 2 weeks but crumbles or pellets are preferred.
    • Broilers prefer starter pellets at 2-3 weeks old and finisher pellets at 4 weeks old.
    • Prestarter feed accounts for 15% of total feed consumption, starter feed for 35%, and finisher feeds for 50%.
    • Broiler feed should be formulated to contain optimum nutrient concentration for growth and feed utilization efficiency.
    • Feed additives such as antifungal agents are used to prevent fungal growth in stored ingredients and mixed feeds.

    Broiler Housing

    • Slatted-floor housing with tube feeders placed alternately with automatic waterers is a common and effective method for raising broilers.

    Management Practices to Avoid Feed Losses

    • Avoid filling feeders beyond one-third capacity.
    • Use the right size of feeder for each age of chickens.
    • Keep feeders level with the back of the chickens.
    • Use pelleted or crumbled feed instead of mash feed.

    Broiler Diseases

    • Mycoplasma Gallisepticum or Chronic Respiratory Disease: This disease is characterized by respiratory distress, tracheitis, and sinusitis leading to poor performance and mortality.
    • Mycotoxicosis: Mycotoxins are fungal toxins that can contaminate feed.
    • Coccidiosis: This disease is caused by protozoan parasites known as Eimeria. It causes intestinal lesions, malabsorption, and blood in the feces.
    • Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) or Flip-Over Disease: This syndrome is characterized by sudden death without obvious clinical signs. The exact causes are being studied.

    Cost-and-Return Analysis

    • Investment Costs: Include land, buildings, equipment, and initial inventory.
    • Operating and Maintenance Costs: Cover feed, labor, utilities, and other consumables.
    • The cost-and-return analysis for a 10,000-chicken capacity broiler farm provides insights into the financial feasibility of the operation.

    Broiler Production in the Philippines

    • The Philippines broiler industry is facing many challenges, including competition from imported chicken products, particularly legs, which are priced significantly lower than locally produced chicken meat.
    • Despite the cheaper imported options, the local industry has achieved some sophistication and has even successfully exported broiler meat to Japan.
    • The broiler population has increased significantly, with a 3.63% average annual growth rate between 1995 and 2005.
    • Most of the broiler farms are located in Central Luzon, followed by Southern Tagalog, and Southern and Northern Mindanao.
    • Broiler farms are categorized based on size and type of operation.
      • Large commercial farms: produce 100,000 broilers or more per harvest
      • Medium commercial farms: produce 21,000–99,000 broilers per harvest
      • Small commercial farms: produce 1,000–20,000 broilers per harvest
      • Smallhold/backyard farms: produce not more than 1,000 broilers per harvest.
    • Broiler farms are also categorized by the type of operation.
      • Integrated grower farms: breed, hatch, grow, and market their own products.
      • Contract grower farms: grow chickens for an integrator under a contract.

    Catching and Hauling Broilers

    • Broilers should be caught at night when they are less active.
    • Before catching, feeders and waterers should be removed.
    • The flock should be divided into small groups.
    • Broilers should be handled with care, as their skin, particularly on the breast, is easily bruised.
    • Crates should not be overcrowded.
    • Filled crates should be handled carefully.

    Stress Management

    • Long and narrow broiler houses allow for better ventilation.
    • Nipple drinkers should be adjusted to supply the optimal volume of water.
    • To prevent water heating, tanks should be insulated and located in the shade.
    • Hot drinking water negatively affects broiler performance.
    • Broilers perform better when provided with cold drinking water.

    Feed Management and Nutrition

    • During warm weather:
      • Pellets and crumbles are recommended to minimize dust and improve feed consumption.
      • Fats should be included as an energy source, as they produce less metabolic heat than carbohydrates.
      • A good quality and digestible phosphate source is important.

    Broiler Finisher Mash

    • Broiler finisher mash nutritional content includes:
      • Crude Protein
      • ME
      • Crude Fat
      • Crude Fiber
      • Calcium
      • Available Phosphorus
      • Lysine
      • Methionine
      • Met + Cys
      • Tryptophan
      • Threonine

    Newcastle Disease (NCD)

    • A highly contagious disease affecting broiler chickens between 2 weeks and 6 weeks of age.
    • Common post-mortem lesion is proventricular hemorrhages.
    • Poultry flocks affected with NCD may show high mortality, acute onset with various respiratory and gastrointestinal lesions.
    • Prevention measures include:
      • Vaccination with live, attenuated vaccine
      • Thorough cleaning and disinfection of farm equipment and premises.
      • Keeping backyard chickens, fighting cocks, and exotic birds off the farm premises.
      • Bird-proofing poultry houses.
      • Quarantining the farm and isolating sick chickens from healthy ones.
      • Using supportive medication with broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent or reduce secondary bacterial infections.
      • Depopulating and cleaning and disinfecting premises after an outbreak.

    Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)

    • Highly contagious disease primarily affecting broiler chickens between 2 weeks and 6 weeks of age.

    Broiler Production in the Philippines

    • Broiler Project Preparation:
      • Essential Factors: Availability of quality feeds, feed supplements, medicaments, vaccines, water, electricity, and other farm inputs.
      • Investment: Investing in improved facilities and equipment is crucial for high production efficiency.
    • Market Assurance:
      • **Marketing Time Frame:**Broilers should be marketed at 36-42 days old and 1.6-2.0 kg liveweight.
      • Delayed Marketing: Reduces profit or leads to losses, as older broilers consume more feed per unit weight gain and have lower market value.
      • Disruption: Delayed marketing disrupts the farm production schedule.
    • Location and Accessibility:
      • Proximity to Market and Raw Materials: Broiler farms should be accessible for easy delivery of raw materials and broilers for slaughter.
    • Environmental Policies:
      • Designated Livestock Production Zone: Farms should be located in designated livestock production zones or at a reasonable distance from other farms and human settlements.
    • Stock Selection:
      • Genetic Variation: Different broiler genetic stocks respond differently to various environments.
      • Commercial Strains: Numerous commercial broiler strains are available in the local market, but performance varies significantly.
      • Strain Selection Parameters:
        • Performance: Consistent production of more meat at the least cost possible.
        • Adaptability and Availability: Broiler strains adapted to local conditions are more efficient.
        • Reliability of Suppliers: Purchase day-old chicks from reputable and dependable suppliers.
        • Delivery Timing: Delivering chicks during the cooler part of the day is crucial for success.

    Housing and Facilities

    • Basic Design:
      • No Single Best Design: Numerous factors like climate, topography, costs, and building materials influence the design.
      • Requirements: Comfort, biosecurity, protection from elements, convenience for caretakers, strength and durability, and utilization of affordable local materials.
    • Materials and Structure:
      • Conventional Housing: Use of durable, relatively cheap materials.
      • Main Frame: Coconut lumber is commonly used, with good lumber as an ideal alternative.
      • Roofing Materials: Galvanized iron sheets, asbestos, and aluminum are used, with GI sheets being the most popular.
      • Regional Variations: Lighter materials like nipa and cogon are more common in areas with less frequent typhoons.
    • Types of Housing:
      • Slatted-Floor: Offers better ventilation and convenient waste handling.
      • Litter-Floor: Good option if provided with tunnel ventilation to minimize coccidiosis risk.
    • Housing Features:
      • Orientation: Houses are generally long and narrow, oriented east-west to minimize direct sunlight exposure.
      • Drafts: Burlap curtains on the walls help avoid drafts.

    Brooding

    • Lighting: Adequate lighting facilities are essential in the brooder compartment.
    • Brooding Temperature: Any cheap heat source that can provide the required brooding temperature can be used.
      • Sources: Mother hen’s body (not practical commercially), electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), charcoal, and rice hulls.
      • Electricity: Incandescent bulb, infrared lamp, and hover-type heaters with resistant coils. Thermostats can regulate temperature.
      • LPG: Popularly used in large-scale farms, efficient for heating large numbers of chicks.

    Broiler Handling and Management

    • Catching and Hauling:
      • Timing: Catch broilers at night when they are less active.
      • Preparation: Remove feeders and waterers. Divide the flock into small groups.
      • ** Handling:** Handle broilers with care, holding on the body or legs. Avoid crowding.
      • Crate Handling: Handle filled crates carefully.
    • Stress Management:
      • Stress Factors: Sudden weather changes, fear, diet changes, frequent handling, vaccination.
      • Housing: Long and narrow houses provide better ventilation. Maintain good housing condition.
      • Water: Adjust nipple drinker pressure, provide cold drinking water, and insulate water tanks.
      • Feed Management: Provide pellets and crumbles in warm weather, restrict feed if needed.

    Broiler Chick Management

    • Check chicks' condition more frequently during the first 48 hours after arrival.
    • Provide 5% sugar solution for drinking within 3 hours of arrival, followed by fresh feed and water.
    • Add vitamin-mineral supplements with antibiotics to the water during the first 3-5 days to enhance chicks' vigor.
    • Reduce brooder temperature by 3°C/week until chicks are 3 weeks old.
    • Provide larger feeders and waterers as broilers grow, placing waterers 1 meter away from feeders.
    • Choose proper feeder design and feeding management to minimize feed wastage.
    • Vaccinate broilers against common poultry diseases such as Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bronchitis, and Infectious Bursal Disease.
    • Cull and properly dispose of weak, deformed, and sickly chicks, burning or burying dead birds immediately.
    • Consult a veterinarian if mortality and morbidity of the flock exceeds acceptable levels.

    Cannibalism Prevention and Control

    • Cannibalism is a harmful behavior in broilers, causing stress, decreased production efficiency, and carcass downgrading.
    • Overcrowding, poor ventilation, inadequate feeders and drinkers, and unbalanced diets can contribute to cannibalism.
    • Prevention measures include: Adequate floor space, proper ventilation, sufficient feeding and drinking spaces, and good quality balanced feed.
    • Control measures include: Isolate injured broilers, treat wounds with pine tar or anti-peck solutions, and consider beak trimming if cannibalism persists.

    Broiler Starter Mash

    • A sample broiler starter mash formulation is provided, with varying proportions of ingredients for low, medium, and high nutrient levels.
    • Nutrient content includes crude protein, M.E., crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, available phosphorus, and amino acids like lysine, methionine, and tryptophan.

    Nutritional Deficiency Symptoms for Broilers

    • Deficiencies in various nutrients like pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, choline, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, and iodine can lead to a range of symptoms.
    • These include: Reduced growth, poor feathering, perosis, anemia, impaired bone development, muscular dystrophy, and more.

    Management Practices to Avoid Feed Losses in Feeders

    • Fill trough feeders to only one-third of their capacity to minimize waste.
    • Use appropriately sized feeders for the chickens' age and provide guards or lids to prevent feed from being beaked out.
    • Keep feeders level with the chickens' backs for easier access and reduced waste.
    • Consider pelleted or crumbled feed instead of mash for reduced beak-out losses and superior palatability.

    Feed Additives

    • Feed additives are incorporated into broiler rations to support digestion, nutrient absorption, and protect nutrients from destruction.
    • Commonly used additives include: Antifungal agents to prevent mold growth, anti-stress preparations, coccidiostats, and anti-malarial preparations.

    Sanitation

    • Proper sanitation is crucial in intensive poultry production to minimize disease buildup.
    • Cleaning and disinfecting poultry houses, premises, and equipment reduce microbial challenge, enhancing the effectiveness of vaccinations.
    • Cleaning is essential before disinfection as organic matter can reduce the effectiveness of disinfectants.
    • Use pressure hoses with or without detergents for cleaning, allowing sufficient time for disinfectant action.
    • Ideal disinfectants should penetrate deeply, work in the presence of organic matter, be compatible with detergents, safe for building materials, and non-toxic to animals and humans.

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    The Philippines Recommends for Broiler Production 2006 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers important aspects of broiler production in the Philippines, including industry recovery and challenges faced. It also discusses crucial brooding management techniques necessary for the healthy growth of chicks. Test your knowledge on these vital components of poultry farming!

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