Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for performing a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

  • To measure blood pressure
  • To assess the formation of blood cells and detect infection or tumor (correct)
  • To check vitamin levels in the body
  • To determine blood type

    • The iliac crest is the only site used for bone marrow aspiration.

    False

    What complication should be monitored for after a bone marrow biopsy?

    Bleeding and infection

    Anemia is characterized by a lower than normal concentration of ______.

    <p>hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of anemia to its classification:

    <p>Hypoproliferative = Bone marrow does not produce adequate erythrocytes Hemolytic = Premature destruction of erythrocytes Bleeding = Results from RBC loss Sickle Cell = A genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT a nursing intervention during a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

    <p>Give aspirin-containing analgesics post-procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Warm tub baths are recommended immediately after a bone marrow aspiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hemolytic anemia, the liberation of hemoglobin into the plasma results in a rise in ______ concentration.

    <p>bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are clinical manifestations associated with petechiae? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated white blood cell counts is a diagnostic finding for petechiae.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line treatment for bacterial infections associated with petechiae?

    <p>Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients immediately before and sometimes after ___________ procedures.

    <p>dental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies can help prevent infections related to petechiae? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Good oral hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which echocardiographic finding may indicate complications in patients with petechiae?

    <p>New or worsening murmur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment of infections related to petechiae often involves surgery if nonresponsive to medications.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the specific nursing intervention to its purpose:

    <p>Assess heart sounds = Identify possible complications Administer antipyretics = Reduce fever Balance rest and activities = Manage fatigue Maintain antiembolism stockings = Prevent venous thromboembolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification of pericarditis?

    <p>Vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify a common diagnostic tool used to detect pericardial effusion.

    <p>Echocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chest pain associated with pericarditis typically worsens when the patient leans forward.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac is called __________.

    <p>pericardial effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the clinical manifestations with their descriptions:

    <p>Chest pain = Aggravated by inspiration and relieved by leaning forward Friction rub = Creaky sound best heard at the left lower sternal border Mild fever = Common systemic symptom of inflammation Dyspnea = Difficulty in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of untreated pericarditis?

    <p>Cardiac tamponade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one cause of pericarditis related to infectious agents.

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with myocarditis are usually resistant to digitalis medication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pericarditis may occur __________ after an acute myocardial infarction.

    <p>10 days to 2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nursing interventions is recommended for patients with suspected pericarditis?

    <p>Assisting the client to a position of comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration

    • Primary reason: To diagnose blood disorders like leukemia, anemia, and lymphoma.
    • Iliac crest: This is the most common site, but not the only one. Other sites include the sternum, spine, and hip bone.
    • Post biopsy complication: Monitor for bleeding, which may occur at the site of the biopsy.

    Anemia

    • Anemia characteristics: Lower than normal red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
    • Types of anemia:
      • Iron-deficiency anemia: Caused by a lack of iron in the body, often due to dietary deficiency or blood loss.
      • Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: Caused by a lack of vitamin B12, which is needed for red blood cell formation.
      • Folic acid deficiency anemia: Caused by a lack of folic acid, another important nutrient for red blood cell production.
      • Hemolytic anemia: Caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells.
      • Aplastic anemia: Caused by damage to the bone marrow, which prevents it from producing enough blood cells.
      • Sickle cell anemia: A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and break down easily.

    Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedure

    • Nursing intervention: Provide reassurance and support to the patient before, during, and after the procedure.
    • Warm tub baths: Not recommended immediately after a bone marrow aspiration.

    Hemolytic Anemia

    • Hemoglobin liberation: When red blood cells are destroyed in hemolytic anemia, hemoglobin is released into the plasma, leading to an increase in bilirubin concentration.

    Petechiae

    • Clinical manifestations:
      • Pinpoint-sized red or purple spots on the skin.
      • Bruising easily.
      • Nosebleeds.
      • Bleeding gums.
      • Fatigue.
      • Dizziness.
    • Elevated white blood cell counts: Not a diagnostic finding for petechiae.
    • First-line treatment: Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for bacterial infections associated with petechiae.
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis: Recommended for high-risk patients before and after invasive procedures.
    • Prevention strategies:
      • Good hygiene practices.
      • Avoiding contact with sick individuals.
      • Maintaining a healthy immune system.
    • Echocardiographic finding: A dilated heart may indicate complications in patients with petechiae.
    • Surgery for infections: May be used if infections are unresponsive to medications.

    Pericarditis

    • Nursing interventions:
      • Pain management: Administer pain medications as needed.
      • Monitoring for complications: Monitor for signs of pericardial effusion, tamponade, or infection.
      • Fluid management: Encourage fluid intake to help prevent dehydration.
      • Rest: Encourage rest and limit physical activity.
    • Classifications:
      • Acute pericarditis: A sudden onset of inflammation of the pericardium.
      • Constrictive pericarditis: A chronic condition in which the pericardium becomes thickened and hardened, restricting the heart's ability to pump blood.
      • Effusive pericarditis: A condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac.
      • Cardiac tamponade: A life-threatening condition that occurs when the pressure in the pericardial sac increases and compresses the heart.
    • Diagnostic tool: Echocardiography can detect pericardial effusion.
    • Chest pain: Worsens when the patient leans forward.
    • Fluid accumulation: Pericardial effusion.
    • Clinical manifestations:
      • Chest pain: A sharp, stabbing pain that worsens with breathing, coughing, or swallowing.
      • Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing.
      • Fatigue: Feeling tired.
      • Fever: A high body temperature.
      • Pericardial friction rub: A scratching sound that can be heard with a stethoscope.
    • Potential complication: Cardiac tamponade.
    • Cause: Viral infections are a common cause.
    • Myocarditis: Patients with myocarditis are not resistant to digitalis medication.
    • Pericarditis after myocardial infarction: Can occur days to weeks after a heart attack.
    • Nursing interventions: Administer pain medication, monitor for complications, encourage fluid intake, and encourage rest.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the procedure of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, focusing on its purpose, execution, and nursing management. Participants will learn about patient care, potential complications, and post-procedure recommendations. It's essential for those involved in hematology and nursing.

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