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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for performing a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
What is the primary reason for performing a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
The iliac crest is the only site used for bone marrow aspiration.
The iliac crest is the only site used for bone marrow aspiration.
False
What complication should be monitored for after a bone marrow biopsy?
What complication should be monitored for after a bone marrow biopsy?
Bleeding and infection
Anemia is characterized by a lower than normal concentration of ______.
Anemia is characterized by a lower than normal concentration of ______.
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Match the type of anemia to its classification:
Match the type of anemia to its classification:
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Which of the following actions is NOT a nursing intervention during a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
Which of the following actions is NOT a nursing intervention during a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
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Warm tub baths are recommended immediately after a bone marrow aspiration.
Warm tub baths are recommended immediately after a bone marrow aspiration.
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In hemolytic anemia, the liberation of hemoglobin into the plasma results in a rise in ______ concentration.
In hemolytic anemia, the liberation of hemoglobin into the plasma results in a rise in ______ concentration.
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Which of the following are clinical manifestations associated with petechiae? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are clinical manifestations associated with petechiae? (Select all that apply)
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Elevated white blood cell counts is a diagnostic finding for petechiae.
Elevated white blood cell counts is a diagnostic finding for petechiae.
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What is the first line treatment for bacterial infections associated with petechiae?
What is the first line treatment for bacterial infections associated with petechiae?
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Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients immediately before and sometimes after ___________ procedures.
Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients immediately before and sometimes after ___________ procedures.
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Which of the following strategies can help prevent infections related to petechiae? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following strategies can help prevent infections related to petechiae? (Select all that apply)
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Which echocardiographic finding may indicate complications in patients with petechiae?
Which echocardiographic finding may indicate complications in patients with petechiae?
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Treatment of infections related to petechiae often involves surgery if nonresponsive to medications.
Treatment of infections related to petechiae often involves surgery if nonresponsive to medications.
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Match the specific nursing intervention to its purpose:
Match the specific nursing intervention to its purpose:
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Which of the following is NOT a classification of pericarditis?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of pericarditis?
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Identify a common diagnostic tool used to detect pericardial effusion.
Identify a common diagnostic tool used to detect pericardial effusion.
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Chest pain associated with pericarditis typically worsens when the patient leans forward.
Chest pain associated with pericarditis typically worsens when the patient leans forward.
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The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac is called __________.
The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac is called __________.
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Match the clinical manifestations with their descriptions:
Match the clinical manifestations with their descriptions:
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What is a potential complication of untreated pericarditis?
What is a potential complication of untreated pericarditis?
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Name one cause of pericarditis related to infectious agents.
Name one cause of pericarditis related to infectious agents.
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Patients with myocarditis are usually resistant to digitalis medication.
Patients with myocarditis are usually resistant to digitalis medication.
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Pericarditis may occur __________ after an acute myocardial infarction.
Pericarditis may occur __________ after an acute myocardial infarction.
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Which of the following nursing interventions is recommended for patients with suspected pericarditis?
Which of the following nursing interventions is recommended for patients with suspected pericarditis?
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Study Notes
Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration
- Primary reason: To diagnose blood disorders like leukemia, anemia, and lymphoma.
- Iliac crest: This is the most common site, but not the only one. Other sites include the sternum, spine, and hip bone.
- Post biopsy complication: Monitor for bleeding, which may occur at the site of the biopsy.
Anemia
- Anemia characteristics: Lower than normal red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
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Types of anemia:
- Iron-deficiency anemia: Caused by a lack of iron in the body, often due to dietary deficiency or blood loss.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: Caused by a lack of vitamin B12, which is needed for red blood cell formation.
- Folic acid deficiency anemia: Caused by a lack of folic acid, another important nutrient for red blood cell production.
- Hemolytic anemia: Caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells.
- Aplastic anemia: Caused by damage to the bone marrow, which prevents it from producing enough blood cells.
- Sickle cell anemia: A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and break down easily.
Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedure
- Nursing intervention: Provide reassurance and support to the patient before, during, and after the procedure.
- Warm tub baths: Not recommended immediately after a bone marrow aspiration.
Hemolytic Anemia
- Hemoglobin liberation: When red blood cells are destroyed in hemolytic anemia, hemoglobin is released into the plasma, leading to an increase in bilirubin concentration.
Petechiae
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Clinical manifestations:
- Pinpoint-sized red or purple spots on the skin.
- Bruising easily.
- Nosebleeds.
- Bleeding gums.
- Fatigue.
- Dizziness.
- Elevated white blood cell counts: Not a diagnostic finding for petechiae.
- First-line treatment: Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for bacterial infections associated with petechiae.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis: Recommended for high-risk patients before and after invasive procedures.
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Prevention strategies:
- Good hygiene practices.
- Avoiding contact with sick individuals.
- Maintaining a healthy immune system.
- Echocardiographic finding: A dilated heart may indicate complications in patients with petechiae.
- Surgery for infections: May be used if infections are unresponsive to medications.
Pericarditis
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Nursing interventions:
- Pain management: Administer pain medications as needed.
- Monitoring for complications: Monitor for signs of pericardial effusion, tamponade, or infection.
- Fluid management: Encourage fluid intake to help prevent dehydration.
- Rest: Encourage rest and limit physical activity.
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Classifications:
- Acute pericarditis: A sudden onset of inflammation of the pericardium.
- Constrictive pericarditis: A chronic condition in which the pericardium becomes thickened and hardened, restricting the heart's ability to pump blood.
- Effusive pericarditis: A condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac.
- Cardiac tamponade: A life-threatening condition that occurs when the pressure in the pericardial sac increases and compresses the heart.
- Diagnostic tool: Echocardiography can detect pericardial effusion.
- Chest pain: Worsens when the patient leans forward.
- Fluid accumulation: Pericardial effusion.
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Clinical manifestations:
- Chest pain: A sharp, stabbing pain that worsens with breathing, coughing, or swallowing.
- Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired.
- Fever: A high body temperature.
- Pericardial friction rub: A scratching sound that can be heard with a stethoscope.
- Potential complication: Cardiac tamponade.
- Cause: Viral infections are a common cause.
- Myocarditis: Patients with myocarditis are not resistant to digitalis medication.
- Pericarditis after myocardial infarction: Can occur days to weeks after a heart attack.
- Nursing interventions: Administer pain medication, monitor for complications, encourage fluid intake, and encourage rest.
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Description
This quiz covers the procedure of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, focusing on its purpose, execution, and nursing management. Participants will learn about patient care, potential complications, and post-procedure recommendations. It's essential for those involved in hematology and nursing.
