Bone Disorders and Perioperative Care

Bone Disorders

• Bone disorders covered include fracture types (matching), osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, and gout.
• Application-level questions involve compartment syndrome, osteomyelitis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and rhabdomyolysis.
• A case study focuses on a post-operative ORIF patient with lower extremity pain and redness, requiring assessment of the complication, pre-provider notification steps (3 interventions), and a SBAR report to the provider based on assessment data.

Perioperative Care

• Content focuses on patient education (pre-op, post-op, and discharge instructions), including smoking cessation, warning signs/symptoms before surgery, when to start discharge teaching, and prevention/management of post-op complications (pneumonia, DVTs).
• Pain management strategies using IV and oral medications based on patient symptoms/orders are included.
• Informed consent procedures and when to involve the surgeon for patient pre-operative visits are covered.

Sleep

• Sleep study includes topics like sleep apnea (signs, symptoms, and treatments - CPAP and non-CPAP), sleep deprivation (signs/symptoms), sleep hygiene (best practices), and a bonus question on heart rate changes in relation to age and fitness level.

Nutrition

• Nursing considerations for patients on parenteral and enteral feedings (patient safety, PPN vs. TPN vs. tube feeds) are highlighted, along with the metabolic syndrome concept.
• Diagnostic studies (fasting glucose, vital signs, and labs) and symptoms of low albumin levels linked to nutritional status are included.

Skin

• Learning objectives cover guidance and recommendations on sunscreen use, wound healing impact by smoking, the role of the skin and the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

Fluid and Electrolytes

• Content covers differences between hypo/hyper/isotonic fluids, IV fluid types (referencing a guide), and clinical manifestations/causes of hypo/hyper issues, including hyperkalemia treatment.
• Application-level questions focus on fluid deficit/excess causes.

Renal

• Kidney function-related labs for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and expected findings are included.
• Causes, clinical presentation for acute kidney injury (AKI) phases, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages, and uric acid kidney stones are covered.
• Medications for chronic kidney disease and contraindications are mentioned.
• Assessment data prior to medication administration (lab values, physical assessment) is also addressed.

GU

• Information includes incontinence types, treatments, nursing considerations, and nursing interventions.

GI

• Topics encompass lower vs. upper G.I. bleeds, assessment findings related to fluid volume deficit, priorities in the case of a new G.I. bleed, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and fistulas.
• GERD medications and treatments including H2 blockers and PPIs are discussed.
• A case study involves applying ADPIE to a patient with abdominal pain, where students need to diagnose the problem and predict elevated lab values.

This quiz covers essential topics in bone disorders, including fracture types, osteoporosis, and osteomyelitis, along with application-level questions on complications such as DVT and rhabdomyolysis. Additionally, it focuses on perioperative care, emphasizing patient education, pain management strategies, and informed consent procedures.