Bone Disorders and Perioperative Care Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a complication related to osteomyelitis?

  • Fat embolism
  • Dehydration
  • Septic arthritis (correct)
  • Pulmonary embolism

    • What is the primary focus when educating a patient on smoking cessation pre-operatively?

  • Timing of the last cigarette before surgery
  • Impact of smoking on general anesthesia (correct)
  • Long-term lifestyle changes post-surgery
  • Reduction in surgery wait time

    • Which of the following lab values is most indicative of metabolic syndrome?

  • Elevated blood pressure (correct)
  • High HDL levels
  • Normal fasting glucose levels
  • Low LDL levels

    • What is a significant concern for a patient receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?

    <p>Risks of infection at the catheter site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient experiencing compartment syndrome?

    <p>Loosen constrictive dressings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with impaired wound healing?

    <p>Chronic tobacco use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important sign of sleep deprivation?

    <p>Decreased alertness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-CPAP intervention for sleep apnea?

    <p>Oral appliances (A), Surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect to address for a patient with a suspected post-operative DVT?

    <p>Encourage ambulation as tolerated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key best practice for improving sleep hygiene?

    <p>Consistent sleep schedule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fluid excess in patients with renal impairment?

    <p>Decreased renal perfusion leading to retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical manifestation is typically observed during the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

    <p>Gradual increase in urine output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is contraindicated for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

    <p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is likely responsible for the symptoms of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Elevated potassium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of uric acid kidney stones?

    <p>High purine diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is prioritized for a patient experiencing signs of peritonitis?

    <p>Administering antibiotics immediately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of GI bleeds, which intervention should be prioritized for a patient with evidence of fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Initiate IV fluid resuscitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission?

    <p>Crohn's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates upper GI bleeds from lower GI bleeds during assessment?

    <p>Hematemesis or coffee ground emesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is primarily used to decrease gastric acid production in GERD?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Fracture Types

    Different classifications of bone breaks, including open, closed, and comminuted.

    Osteoporosis

    A condition causing weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures.

    Osteomyelitis

    Bone infection.

    Compartment Syndrome

    Increased pressure inside a muscle compartment.

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    DVT

    Deep Vein Thrombosis: blood clot in a deep vein

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    Rhabdomyolysis

    Rapid breakdown of muscle tissue.

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    Pre-op Patient Education

    Instructions for the patient before surgery.

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    Post-op Pneumonia

    Lung infection following surgery.

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    Informed Consent

    Patient's agreement to a medical procedure after understanding risks and benefits.

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    Sleep Apnea

    Breathing problem during sleep, leading to frequent pauses.

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    Fluid Imbalance

    Disruption in the body's balance of fluids, including both deficiencies (deficit) and excesses (excess).

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    Hypo/Hyper/Isotonic Fluids

    IV fluids that differ in their concentration of electrolytes, affecting how they shift water in and out of cells.

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    Hyperkalemia

    High potassium levels in the blood.

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    AKI (Acute Kidney Injury)

    Sudden kidney failure.

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    CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease)

    Gradual loss of kidney function over time.

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    Uric Acid Kidney Stones

    Kidney stones formed from uric acid.

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    Lower/Upper GI bleeds

    Bleeding in the digestive tract either above (upper) or below (lower) the small intestine.

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    Incontinence

    Inability to control bladder or bowel function.

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    GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

    Stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.

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    Peritonitis

    Inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity.

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    Study Notes

    Bone Disorders

    • Types of fractures (matching) are included in the content.
    • Osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, and gout are covered.
    • Application-level questions focus on compartment syndrome, osteomyelitis, DVT, and rhabdomyolysis.
    • A case study involves a post-operative ORIF patient with one-sided lower extremity pain and redness. Students must identify the complication, list 3 nursing interventions, and write a SBAR report to the provider.

    Perioperative Care

    • Patient education for pre-operative, post-operative (inpatient), and discharge instructions are covered.
    • Topics include smoking cessation, concerning pre-operative signs and symptoms, when to start discharge teaching, prevention and management of post-op complications like pneumonia and DVTs, and medication use for pain management.
    • The content also includes informed consent procedures.

    Sleep

    • Sleep apnea, signs, and symptoms, and treatments (CPAP and non-CPAP) are part of the material.
    • Sleep deprivation and its signs/symptoms are also discussed.
    • Sleep hygiene is included, along with factors that impede sleep.
    • A bonus question involves heart rate changes in relation to age and fitness levels.

    Nutrition

    • Nursing considerations for patients on parenteral and enteral feedings are included.
    • Patient safety concerns and the differences between PPN, TPN, and tube feeds are noted.
    • Metabolic syndrome, relevant lab values, and diagnostic studies (like fasting glucose and vital signs) are involved.
    • Labs linked to nutritional status and signs/symptoms of low albumin levels are assessed.

    Skin

    • Sunscreen guidance, recommendations, and how smoking impacts wound healing are detailed.
    • The skin's role in general health and signs/symptoms of atopic dermatitis are included.

    Fluid and Electrolytes

    • The difference between hypo, hyper, and isotonic fluids is discussed.
    • Types of IV fluids are included along with a reference to the electrolyte quick reference guide.
    • Clinical manifestations and causes of hypo/hyper are covered, including treatment for hyperkalemia.
    • Causes of fluid deficit and excess are included with a reference to the fluid imbalance study guide.

    Renal

    • Kidney function labs and expected lab findings in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are covered.
    • Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) types are covered.
    • Clinical manifestations of each AKI phase and stages of CKD are included, along with causes of uric acid kidney stones.
    • Medications for chronic kidney disease (outlined in PowerPoint), contraindications, med administration assessment data, and lab results and physical assessment are considered.

    GU

    • Incontinence, differences between types, and treatment options/nursing considerations are assessed.
    • Nursing interventions for incontinence are included.

    GI

    • Lower vs upper GI bleeds, assessment findings, and fluid volume deficit signs are covered.
    • Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis, fistulas, and GERD are discussed.
    • Medications/treatments and H2 blockers and PPIs (how they work) are included.
    • A 10-point case study involving abdominal pain and the use of the ADPIE model is included. Students are asked to identify the suspected GI problem, the anticipated lab value increase, and predicted interventions or treatments.

    General

    • Diagnostic studies to determine pain cause are included.
    • Interventions and anticipated complications if the condition goes untreated are also discussed.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on bone disorders, including types of fractures and conditions like osteoporosis and gout. Explore the perioperative care topics, focusing on patient education, management of complications, and informed consent. This quiz includes application-level questions and case studies for a comprehensive understanding.

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