Bone Disorders and Perioperative Care Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic cause of hypokalemia?

  • Excessive potassium intake
  • Medications that inhibit aldosterone
  • Prolonged vomiting (correct)
  • Renal failure

    • Which treatment is considered priority for a patient exhibiting symptoms of hyperkalemia?

  • Administering a potassium-sparing diuretic
  • Infusion of calcium gluconate (correct)
  • Initiating dialysis immediately
  • Increasing dietary potassium intake

    • Which laboratory finding is typically associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

  • Decreased BUN levels
  • Increased serum creatinine (correct)
  • Normal electrolyte levels
  • Decreased urine output

    • Which statement accurately describes upper GI bleeding?

    <p>Can cause melena due to digested blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Crohn's disease compared to ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Can cause deep transmural inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of fractures can lead to significant complications, such as compartment syndrome?

    <p>Comminuted fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign or symptom of osteoporosis that differs from other bone disorders?

    <p>Increased bone fragility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically associated with osteomyelitis?

    <p>Skin rashes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing a patient with compartment syndrome, which of the following interventions is essential?

    <p>Immediate surgical fasciotomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about DVT is accurate?

    <p>Symptoms may include unilateral leg swelling and pain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing consideration when administering parenteral nutrition?

    <p>Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes refeeding syndrome?

    <p>A metabolic imbalance that occurs after introduction of feeding in malnourished patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly recognized factor that impedes sleep hygiene?

    <p>Excessive caffeine consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hypo/Hyper/Isotonic IV Fluids

    Different types of intravenous fluids used to treat fluid imbalances, categorized by their effect on cell volume.

    Fluid Deficit Causes

    Conditions that lead to a loss of body fluid, including dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive sweating.

    Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Causes

    Conditions that damage the kidneys and impair their function, resulting in decreased urine output, different from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stages

    Progressive stages of kidney disease, where the filtering function of the kidneys gradually decreases over time.

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    Lower GI vs Upper GI Bleed Assessment

    Different GI bleeds manifest differently based on the site within the gastrointestinal tract.

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    Types of fractures

    Different ways a bone can break, such as transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, and impacted.

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    Osteoporosis

    A bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and density, increasing risk of fractures.

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    Osteomyelitis

    Infection of the bone, often following a fracture or open wound.

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    Compartment syndrome

    Increased pressure within a confined muscle compartment, causing nerve and muscle damage.

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    DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)

    Blood clot in a deep vein, often in the leg

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    Parenteral vs Enteral feeding

    Parenteral feeding delivers nutrients via an IV, enteral feeding delivers nutrients via a tube.

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    Refeeding syndrome

    A potentially fatal complication of reintroducing nutrition to malnourished patients.

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    Sleep apnea

    A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.

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    Study Notes

    Bone Disorders

    • Types of fractures (matching)
    • Osteoporosis
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Gout
    • Compartment Syndrome
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
    • Rhabdomyolysis
    • Case study on post-op ORIF patient with one-sided lower extremity pain and swelling. Includes questions on potential complications, nursing interventions, and SBAR reporting.

    Perioperative Care

    • Patient education (pre-op, post-op, and discharge) including smoking cessation, concerning pre-operative symptoms, and discharge instructions.
    • Prevention and management of common post-operative complications (e.g., pneumonia, DVTs).
    • Use of IV and oral medications in pain management.
    • Informed consent procedures.

    Sleep

    • Sleep apnea (signs, symptoms, treatments, CPAP, and non-CPAP interventions).
    • Sleep deprivation (signs and symptoms).
    • Sleep hygiene (best practices).
    • Bonus question: HR changes in age/fitness levels.

    Nutrition

    • Nursing considerations for patients on parenteral and enteral feedings (patient safety concerns, PPN vs. TPN vs. tube feeds).
    • Metabolic syndrome factors.
    • Lab values, diagnostic studies (fasting glucose, vital signs).
    • Labs linked to nutritional status, including signs/symptoms of low albumin levels.

    Skin

    • Refeeding syndrome
    • Sunscreen guidance and recommendations.
    • Wound healing (smoking impacts).
    • Role of skin in general health.
    • Signs/symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

    Fluid and Electrolytes

    • Differences between hypo, hyper, and isotonic fluids.
    • Types of IV fluids (refer to Electrolyte Quick Reference Guide).
    • Clinical manifestations and causes of hypo/hyper (refer to Electrolyte Quick Reference Guide).
    • Treatment for hyperkalemia.
    • Causes of fluid deficit and excess (fluid imbalance study guide reference).
    • Deficit - loss of fluid.

    Renal

    • Labs that link to kidney function and expected lab findings in CKD.
    • Causes of types of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
    • Clinical manifestations of each phase of AKI.
    • Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
    • Causes of uric acid kidney stones.
    • Medications for chronic kidney disease (reference PowerPoint).
    • Contraindications for medications.
    • Assessment data prior to med administration (lab results/physical assessment).

    GU

    • Incontinence (difference in types, treatments, and nursing considerations).
    • Nursing interventions for incontinence.

    GI

    • Lower vs upper GI bleeds: assessment findings with fluid volume deficit (select all that apply).
    • Priority intervention in a patient with a new GI bleed.
    • Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fistulas.
    • GI bleed
    • GERD: medications/treatments (H2 blockers and PPIs).
    • Peritonitis (treatments including prioritization).
    • Peptic ulcer disease (medications to avoid, risk factors, and causes).
    • Case study applying ADPIE to a patient with abdominal pain. Questions include what GI problem is suspected, and which lab value is expected to be elevated.

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    FvfN343 Fall 2024 Final Road Map PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on bone disorders such as osteoporosis and gout, alongside key aspects of perioperative care including patient education and post-operative complications. Explore case studies and related nursing interventions to deepen your understanding of these vital healthcare topics.

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