Bone Classification and Histology Quiz

Endochondral Ossification = Formation of articular cartilage Intramembranous Ossification = Briefly describe the steps of intramembranous bone formation

Hormonal Controls/Homeostatic Regulation = Regulating bone growth Mineral Deposition = Process of adding minerals to bone tissue

Bone Remodeling and Repair = Process of repairing damaged bone tissue Development of Bone - Embryology = Embryonic development of bones

<p>Endochondral Ossification = Replacement of cartilage by bone Intramembranous Ossification = Formation of bones directly from mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development and Growth of Bones Embryology = Growth and development of bones in embryos Bone Growth and Repair = Process of bone growth and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long bones = Cylindrical in shape, found in upper and lower extremities Flat bones = Thin and flattened, provide protection and large surface area for muscle attachment Irregular bones = Complex shape, do not fit into other bone classification categories Sesamoid bones = Small and round, embedded in tendons near joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axial skeleton = Includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage Appendicular skeleton = Includes pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones of upper and lower extremities Ear ossicles = Part of the axial skeleton Bones of the lower extremity = Part of appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spongy bone = Contains trabeculae that provide structural support and flexibility Compact bone = Composed of osteons with lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi Circumferential lamellae = Found deep to periosteum and extend around entire circumference of diaphysis Canaliculi = Small channels radiating from lacunae for nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamellae = Provide strength and support by forming concentric rings around central canal of osteon Lacunae = Small spaces containing osteocytes for maintenance and repair of bone tissue Collagen fibers = Alternate orientation to enhance bone durability Canaliculi = Allow for nutrient exchange between osteocytes within the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haversian Canal = Run parallel to the long axis of the bone; contain small blood vessels and nerve fibers Volkmann’s Canals = Run perpendicularly to the long axis of the bone; passageway for blood vessels and nerves to penetrate compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red marrow = Looks like thick blood reticular fiber meshwork; site of hemopoietic/hematopoietic formation of blood Yellow marrow = Fatty marrow in long bones of adults; in old age, yellow marrow becomes reddish and gelatinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spongy Bone = Consists of spicules and trabeculae, giving it a 'spongy-like' appearance; covered by endosteum Compact Bone = Contains Haversian Canals and Volkmann’s Canals; provides support while minimizing weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periosteum = Consists of an outer fibrous layer (dense/irregular connective tissue) Endosteum = Covers spongy bone; spaces filled with bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spicules and Trabeculae = Rods or spines; thin plates that give spongy bone its appearance Osteons = Structural units of compact bone; contain Haversian Canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Marrow = Found in the medullary cavity of long bones; contains immature cells for hemopoietic formation of blood Yellow Marrow = Type of fatty marrow in adults' long bones; turns reddish in old age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone = Regulates control of osteoblasts and osteocytes to increase formation and activation of osteoclasts Calcitonin = Reduces osteoclast activity and increases the number &amp; activity of osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone = Raises blood calcium levels Calcitonin = Lowers blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone = Secreted by the parathyroid glands Calcitonin = Secreted by C cells of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone = Promotes calcium reabsorption by the kidneys Calcitonin = No effect on kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone = Inhibits collagen synthesis and bone deposition by osteoblasts Calcitonin = Increases the number &amp; activity of osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articular capsule = Fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane Synovial fluid = Viscous slippery fluid rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid Articular cartilage = Hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces Meniscus = Pad of fibrocartilage that absorbs shock and guides bone movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendon = Attaches muscle to bone Ligament = Attaches bone to bone Tendon sheath = Elongated cylinder of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane wrapped around a tendon Bursae = Saclike extensions of the joint capsule that allow nearby structures to slide more easily past each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarthrotic joint = Synovial joint that is freely movable Periosteum = Connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones Hyaluronic acid = Component of synovial fluid that provides lubrication Fibrocartilage = Type of cartilage found in the meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bursae = Facilitates smooth sliding between nearby structures Articular cartilage = Reduces friction and absorbs shock during bone movements Ligament = Provides stability by attaching bone to bone Tendon sheath = Protects and lubricates tendons during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers