Body Fluid Compartments and Electrolytes
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Questions and Answers

What distinction defines the difference between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

  • ICF is primarily located in the vascular system, while ECF is not.
  • ICF contains only electrolytes, while ECF contains proteins.
  • ICF is less variable in composition than ECF.
  • ICF is found inside cells, while ECF is found outside cells. (correct)

    • Which statement about the osmolality of body fluids is correct?

  • Osmolality is primarily influenced by the volume of fluid present.
  • Osmolarity is affected by temperature while osmolality is not.
  • Osmolality measures the total solute concentration per kilogram of solvent. (correct)
  • Osmolality and osmolarity are identical and can be used interchangeably.

    • How does the electrolyte composition differ between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

  • Both ICF and ECF contain identical concentrations of electrolytes.
  • ICF is rich in potassium and magnesium, while ECF is rich in sodium and chloride. (correct)
  • ICF has high sodium content compared to ECF.
  • ECF predominantly contains potassium ions, unlike ICF.

    • Which fluid compartment represents the largest volume of total body water in adults?

    <p>Intracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hypertonic saline affect cell shape?

    <p>Cells shrink as water exits the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do electrolytes play in the body?

    <p>They facilitate nerve transmission and muscle contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological factor contributes to the lower body water percentage in older adults compared to younger individuals?

    <p>Higher fat mass and lower water content in adipose tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component that separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of total body water composition, which statement is accurate?

    <p>Intracellular fluid accounts for about two-thirds of total body water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor most significantly influences the distribution of water in body fluid compartments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of interstitial fluid in the body?

    <p>It acts as an external environment for body cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between osmolality and osmolarity in human physiology?

    <p>Osmolarity and osmolality are generally considered equivalent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major determinants of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity?

    <p>Na+ and Cl- concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a decrease in extracellular fluid [Na+] affect the intracellular fluid compartment?

    <p>It causes water to shift into the ICF, leading to cell swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of transcellular fluid?

    <p>It contains the same solute composition as interstitial fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the osmolarity in body compartments is true?

    <p>Normal osmolarity is consistently 300 mOsm/L across compartments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of extracellular fluid is plasma?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following solutes is considered to play a lesser role in osmolarity compared to others?

    <p>Dissolved gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a sudden shift in osmolarity between compartments have on cell physiology?

    <p>It can lead to cell swelling or shrinkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of extracellular fluid corresponds to transcellular fluid?

    <p>5-7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a hypertonic solution have on cells?

    <p>Causes cells to shrink due to water efflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution?

    <p>Has the same solute concentration as ICF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily maintains resting membrane potential (RMP) in a cell?

    <p>The slow leak of potassium ions out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition can a significant imbalance of potassium ions cause fatal consequences?

    <p>With extreme disruption of cardiac myocyte activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a hypotonic solution regarding cell interaction?

    <p>Lower solute concentration, causing water to enter the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of tonicity in a solution?

    <p>The permeability of the cell membrane to various solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range for the resting membrane potential in neurons?

    <p>-50 to -90 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the brain swells within the skull?

    <p>Compression of the brainstem leading to fatal outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IV fluid is considered functionally hypotonic?

    <p>5% dextrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to extracellular fluid (ECF) concentration during cell swelling?

    <p>It increases due to water moving into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid compartment primarily provides lubrication and has the same solute composition as interstitial fluid?

    <p>Transcellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical osmolarity of all body compartments?

    <p>300 mOsm/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sudden decrease in extracellular fluid [Na+] would primarily lead to what cellular effect?

    <p>Cell swelling due to water influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is least present in the extracellular fluid in terms of percentage?

    <p>Transcellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is primarily responsible for conducting electrical current in body fluids?

    <p>Electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the majority of interstitial fluid within the extracellular fluid volume?

    <p>Represents approximately 75-80% of ECF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmolality is commonly referred to as what in the context of body fluid analysis?

    <p>Total solute concentration in a kg of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential danger of a sudden change in osmolarity within body compartments?

    <p>Movement of water between compartments leading to cell swelling or shrinkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is most critical for maintaining the osmolarity of extracellular fluid?

    <p>Sodium ions (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding dissolved gases in blood is accurate?

    <p>They include oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of the different body fluid compartments in terms of fluid distribution?

    <p>They facilitate the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body compartment contains the majority of a healthy adult's total body water?

    <p>Intracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body generally respond to a deficit in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Increases thirst to promote water intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type contains the least amount of water relative to its mass?

    <p>Bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the total body water percentage differences between genders?

    <p>The amount of muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of glucose within intravenous fluid prescriptions?

    <p>To provide a source of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would intravenous fluids likely be prescribed to address hydration needs?

    <p>An infant who is lethargic due to illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does the term 'total body water (TBW)' refer?

    <p>The combined volume of intracellular and extracellular fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correctly describes transcellular fluid within the context of body fluid compartments?

    <p>Fluid found within specific cavities of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generally occurs to total body water (TBW) as an individual ages?

    <p>TBW declines due to changes in muscle mass and fat distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential outcome can arise from prolonged swelling of CNS neurons within the skull?

    <p>Herniation of brain parts through the foramen magnum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition occurs in cells exposed to hypotonic solutions?

    <p>Cells swell due to water influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary factor maintains the resting membrane potential (RMP) in cells?

    <p>The slow leak of K+ ions out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution is known to be functionally hypotonic after infusion?

    <p>5% dextrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from a significant imbalance of K+ ions in the body?

    <p>Cardiac arrest of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hypertonic solutions impact the shape of cells?

    <p>Cells shrink due to water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of intracranial pressure on CNS function due to swelling?

    <p>Compression of blood vessels and reduced blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT involved in determining the tonicity of a solution?

    <p>pH of the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of retaining a constant ratio of K+ in ECF to ICF?

    <p>Maintenance of resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Body Fluid Compartments

    • Body fluids are approximately 50-60% of total body mass
    • Major compartments are intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)
    • ECF is further divided into plasma (20%) and interstitial fluid (75-80%)
    • Transcellular fluid is a small component of ECF, found in tissues like the pleural cavity, CSF, joints

    Electrolyte Composition

    • Key electrolytes in body fluids include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and others
    • ICF has higher K+ concentration, ECF has higher Na+ concentration
    • Electrolytes play crucial roles in maintaining membrane potentials and various physiological functions

    Osmolarity and Tonicity

    • Osmolarity refers to solute concentration per liter of solution
    • Osmolality refers to solute concentration per kilogram of water
    • Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentration as the intracellular fluid
    • Hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration than the intracellular fluid
    • Hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration than the intracellular fluid

    Fluid Compartments & Exchanges

    • Water moves between compartments via osmosis (along osmotic gradients)
    • Changes in solute concentration in one compartment affect the volume of other compartments
    • Exchanges between plasma and interstitial fluid are driven by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure
    • Other exchanges occur through capillary walls, cell membranes, and the GI tract, kidneys and lungs

    Daily Water Loss and Gain

    • Daily water loss is approximately 2000-2500 ml
    • Major routes of water loss include urine (1000-1500 ml), feces (100 ml), sweat (200 ml), insensible losses (700 ml)
    • Water gain is primarily through thirst mechanism & balances daily losses

    Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

    • ADH is a hormone that regulates water output
    • ADH regulates water reabsorption by the kidneys
    • ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys, reducing urine output
    • ADH is controlled by serum osmolality, blood pressure, and other factors

    Sodium Regulation

    • Sodium plays a major role in regulating ECF volume and osmolality
    • Sodium plays a vital role in active transport throughout the body, including secretion and reabsorption in the GI tract & renal tubules

    Dehydration and Hypotonic Hydration

    • Dehydration is a state of low body water content
    • Hypotonic hydration is a state of excess body water
    • Both conditions can have serious consequences if severe enough

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    Related Documents

    Body Fluid Compartments Self-Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Dive into the essential concepts of body fluid compartments, including intracellular and extracellular fluids. Explore the critical roles of electrolytes in maintaining physiological functions and learn about osmolarity and tonicity in relation to body fluids.

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