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Questions and Answers
Olfactory cells are sensitive to temperature changes.
Olfactory cells are sensitive to temperature changes.
False
Rods and cones are located in the eyes and are sensitive to light.
Rods and cones are located in the eyes and are sensitive to light.
True
Skin receptors can detect sound and pressure.
Skin receptors can detect sound and pressure.
False
Neurons transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses.
Neurons transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses.
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Motor neurons transmit messages from receptors to the central nervous system.
Motor neurons transmit messages from receptors to the central nervous system.
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Taste buds are located in the nose and are sensitive to touch.
Taste buds are located in the nose and are sensitive to touch.
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The inner ear contains cells that detect sound.
The inner ear contains cells that detect sound.
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Neurons generally have the same structure.
Neurons generally have the same structure.
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The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord only.
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord only.
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The bundles of nerves that relay messages throughout the body form the peripheral nervous system.
The bundles of nerves that relay messages throughout the body form the peripheral nervous system.
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Receptors in the body can only detect temperature changes.
Receptors in the body can only detect temperature changes.
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Stimuli induce responses which do not produce any effects.
Stimuli induce responses which do not produce any effects.
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Players in a sport team represent the sense organs in the central nervous system analogy.
Players in a sport team represent the sense organs in the central nervous system analogy.
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The receptors in the body can be thought of as the players' ears hearing the coach's instructions.
The receptors in the body can be thought of as the players' ears hearing the coach's instructions.
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Pain receptors are mainly located in the muscles and glands.
Pain receptors are mainly located in the muscles and glands.
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The nervous system consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
The nervous system consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
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Chemical receptors detect changes in the body's environment and are primarily found in the skin.
Chemical receptors detect changes in the body's environment and are primarily found in the skin.
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Nerve impulses travel slowly throughout the body.
Nerve impulses travel slowly throughout the body.
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The cerebellum is responsible for actions that you can control by thinking.
The cerebellum is responsible for actions that you can control by thinking.
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The brain stem is responsible for involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat.
The brain stem is responsible for involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat.
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The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.
The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.
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The cerebrum is the smallest part of the brain.
The cerebrum is the smallest part of the brain.
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The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
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The brain has nerve connections that reach throughout the body.
The brain has nerve connections that reach throughout the body.
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Hormones are produced by the circulatory system.
Hormones are produced by the circulatory system.
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The endocrine system provides a longer-lasting response than the nervous system.
The endocrine system provides a longer-lasting response than the nervous system.
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The hypothalamus is referred to as the master gland because it controls other endocrine glands.
The hypothalamus is referred to as the master gland because it controls other endocrine glands.
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Hormones can only act on specific organs and do not have an effect on the entire body.
Hormones can only act on specific organs and do not have an effect on the entire body.
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A specific hormone must have the right shape to fit the receptor on a target cell.
A specific hormone must have the right shape to fit the receptor on a target cell.
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Most of the heat lost from the body is by _______________ and evaporation of sweat.
Most of the heat lost from the body is by _______________ and evaporation of sweat.
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Hyperthermia occurs when the internal temperature rises too high and the body cannot regulate it.
Hyperthermia occurs when the internal temperature rises too high and the body cannot regulate it.
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Diabetics typically have little glucose in their urine because their bodies effectively filter it out.
Diabetics typically have little glucose in their urine because their bodies effectively filter it out.
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The kidneys are responsible for water filtration and waste removal from the blood.
The kidneys are responsible for water filtration and waste removal from the blood.
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Hormones and nerves control kidney functions related to water absorption and secretion.
Hormones and nerves control kidney functions related to water absorption and secretion.
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Nerves only act on muscles and glands.
Nerves only act on muscles and glands.
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Thyroxine increases body temperature by decreasing metabolic rate.
Thyroxine increases body temperature by decreasing metabolic rate.
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Adrenaline is secreted during times of relaxation.
Adrenaline is secreted during times of relaxation.
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Testosterone stimulates the growth of body hair and muscle strength.
Testosterone stimulates the growth of body hair and muscle strength.
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The nervous system transmits messages quickly using chemical signals.
The nervous system transmits messages quickly using chemical signals.
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Oestrogen is secreted by the testes.
Oestrogen is secreted by the testes.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates sperm production in males.
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates sperm production in males.
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The endocrine system uses electrical signals to control body activities.
The endocrine system uses electrical signals to control body activities.
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Study Notes
Body Balance Overview
- Body systems work together to maintain balance
- Various body systems interact and work together to maintain a balanced internal environment
Systems in the Body
- Nervous system
- Immune system
- Digestive system
- Cardiovascular system
- Integumentary system
- Excretory system
- Reproductive system
- Endocrine system
- Respiratory system
- Musculoskeletal system
Body Balance - Nervous System
- Learning intention: Understanding the role of the nervous system in controlling body responses to stimuli
- Understanding the different parts of the nervous system and their roles
- Success criteria: Describing different parts and roles of the central nervous system, describing the peripheral nervous system, and explaining how the CNS and PNS work together in the body.
What the Nervous System Does
- The nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord
- The nervous system sends and receives messages, coordinating body responses
- This system is spread throughout the body
- Messages are transmitted using nerve impulses that travel quickly
Important Parts of the Brain
- Cerebrum: Largest part, responsible for memory, speech, thought, and senses
- Cerebellum: Small part behind the cerebrum; coordinates muscle activity without conscious thought; controls balance and muscle movement
- Brain stem: Regulates life support functions like breathing, heartbeat, digestion, swallowing, and body temperature
Neurons
- Specialized cells that transmit messages throughout the nervous system.
- Structure: Dendrites (receive messages), axon (transmit messages), axon ending (releases messages into a synapse which the next cell receives) myelin sheath (insulates the axon)
- Neurons meet at synapses
- Neurotransmitters cross the synapse from one neuron to the next. Different impulses have different neurotransmitters. Examples include adrenaline/noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, acetylcoline, glutamate, endorphins.
Receptors
- Specialized cells that detect stimuli (heat, cold, touch, pressure, sights, sound, pain)
- Send messages to the brain, which then form a response.
- Include taste, odour, sight, pain
- Located throughout the body
Sensory Neurons
- Send sensory information to the brain
- Receptors send messages along sensory neurons to the brain.
Motor Neurons
- Send messages from the brain to muscles and glands.
- Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain to muscles to carry out responses.
Reflex Responses
- Automatic, rapid responses to stimuli.
- Involve a sensory neuron, spinal cord, and motor neuron. The brain is not always involved in a reflex response.
Research Questions
- Question about what a neuron is and their functions
- Question about various parts of a neuron
- Question about the function of receptors, examples of receptors and functions
Body Balance - Endocrine System
- Learning intention: Understand the role of the endocrine system in the body.
- Understand different endocrine glands and their associated hormones,
- Understand the role of negative feedback in the endocrine system
The Endocrine System
- Consists of glands throughout the body
- Secretes hormones (chemical messengers) that travel through the circulatory system, effecting changes in target cells.
- Hormones affect other areas of the body
- This response is slower than the nervous system's response.
Hormones
- Types of hormones, include thyroxin, adrenaline, testosterone, oestrogen.
- Effect on the body's various parts, for example, production of physical growth, muscle and bone growth, influencing body temperature by regulating metabolic rate
Nervous vs Endocrine Systems
- Comparison of communication speed (nervous is much faster), and target areas in the body affected by hormones, which can be wider spread than in nerves.
Homeostasis
- The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
- Example including blood sugar, heat, and water balance.
Blood Sugar Homeostasis
- Importance of maintaining stable blood sugar levels
- Pancreas secretes two important hormones associated with blood sugar maintenance: insulin and glucagon.
Insulin
- Released when blood glucose levels are high, allowing glucose to enter body cells
Glucagon
- Released when blood glucose levels are low, stimulating liver to release stored glucose.
Body Balance - Water Control
- The kidneys filter water from blood
- Wastes pass through a duct where much of the water is re-absorbed into the bloodstream and waste is removed from the body through the bladder.
- Regulation of water levels controlled by nerves and hormones. The hormone ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidney.
Body Balance - Heat Control
- Maintaining a stable body temperature,
- Involves the nervous and endocrine systems
- Set point temperature for humans
When Things Go Wrong with Homeostasis
- Examples are Type 1 diabetes, and hyperthermia.
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Description
This quiz explores the interactions of various body systems to maintain internal balance, with a focus on the nervous system. You'll learn about the parts and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and how they coordinate body responses. Test your understanding of body systems and their roles in maintaining equilibrium.
