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BMS2046 Disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS): Part 2
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BMS2046 Disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS): Part 2

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of depression?

  • Psychotic depression
  • Persistent depressive disorder
  • Narcissistic depression (correct)
  • Seasonal affective disorder

    • Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected in depression?

  • Dopamine
  • Acetylcholine
  • GABA
  • Serotonin (correct)

    • What neurotransmitter signaling pathways are implicated in Tourette's syndrome?

  • Serotonin and dopamine (correct)
  • Endorphins and histamine
  • Acetylcholine and norepinephrine
  • Glutamate and GABA

    • What is the main characteristic of psychotic depression?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression?

    <p>Increased energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment modality is commonly used for Tourette's syndrome?

    <p>Habit reversal training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidepressants primarily target the serotonin system?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of traumatic brain injury?

    <p>Persistent headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is inhibited by antipsychotic medications in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of psychotic episodes?

    <p>Underlying psychotic illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What early life experience may act as a trigger for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain regions are implicated in Tourette's syndrome due to abnormalities?

    <p>Basal ganglia, frontal lobes &amp; cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of migraine?

    <p>Pain affecting both sides of the head equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Migraine with aura refers to which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Visual disturbances or warning signs before the migraine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is primarily responsible for the pain associated with migraine?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate ratio of migraine prevalence between women and men?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a symptom or characteristic of migraine in the given text?

    <p>Numbness or tingling in the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of migraines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?

    <p>Auditory hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential treatment for anxiety disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing anxiety disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of phobia-related disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common treatment option for spinal cord injuries?

    <p>Antiepileptic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a complete spinal cord injury?

    <p>Total lack of sensory and motor function below the level of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with central nervous system (CNS) tumors?

    <p>Chronic pain and respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of epilepsy?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of narcolepsy?

    <p>Excessive daytime sleepiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hydrocephalus?

    <p>Congenital conditions like spina bifida or infection during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for narcolepsy?

    <p>Stimulants, SSRIs, and sodium oxybate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of spinal cord injuries?

    <p>Genetic factors affecting ion channels and GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Migraine is more common in men than in women.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Migraine with aura is characterized by visual disturbances as warning signs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Migraine is only associated with dull and constant pain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is a psychiatric disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cost of brain disorders is not a topic covered in the learning outcomes for BMS2046.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that primarily target the norepinephrine system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hallucinations, delusions, and confused thought are the three main symptoms of psychosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by the presence of both psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as amitriptyline, primarily target the dopamine system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paraphrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by paranoid delusions, but without significant impairment in personality or cognitive functioning.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the first-line treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trigeminal ganglion mutations in the TRESK potassium channel are implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exact cause of migraines is well-understood and involves solely the constriction of blood vessels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exposure to stressful and negative life events in early childhood or adulthood is considered a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serotonin receptor agonists, known as triptans, are not used in the treatment of migraines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intense fear of specific objects or situations that is out of proportion to the actual potential danger is a characteristic of phobia-related disorders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety or worry, most days for at least 6 months, related to personal health, work, social interactions, and everyday life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tourette's syndrome is primarily caused by environmental factors, with no genetic contribution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antipsychotic medications used to treat Tourette's syndrome work by inhibiting dopaminergic transmission.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anxiety disorders are primarily caused by abnormalities in the serotonin neurotransmitter system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $\sqrt{2^2 + 3^2} = 5$

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exposure to alcohol and drug misuse during early life can act as a trigger for the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a common psychological treatment for Tourette's syndrome.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal cord injuries can result in a complete lack of sensory and motor function below the level of injury.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy is characterized by excessive and abnormal neuronal activity in the cerebellum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrocephalus is caused by a congenital defect that restricts the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in myelin-producing cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cataplexy, a symptom of narcolepsy, involves sudden onset of muscle paralysis triggered by strong emotions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are always malignant and life-threatening.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal cord injuries are primarily caused by compression or fracture of the vertebrae.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $\pi$ is an irrational number.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiepileptic drugs are the only treatment option for epilepsy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary cause of narcolepsy is the loss of hypocretin/orexin-producing neurons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Triggers for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases include depression, stress, early life experiences, alcohol and drug misuse, and psychosis.
    • Pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome involves genetic, anatomical, and neurotransmitter signaling abnormalities (glutamate, GABA, dopamine).
    • Tourette's syndrome is characterized by tics, premonitory sensations, and commonly coexists with OCD, ADHD, and anxiety.
    • Traumatic brain injury results from sudden brain trauma causing symptoms like loss of consciousness, headache, vomiting, seizures, and blurred vision.
    • Depression categories include major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, postpartum depression, and seasonal affective disorder.
    • Psychosis is characterized by a loss of contact with reality and includes disorders like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and paraphrenia.
    • Spinal cord injuries result from sudden trauma to the spine, leading to complications like chronic pain, respiratory infections, bladder dysfunction, and fractures.
    • CNS tumors can be benign or malignant growths that can pressure brain tissue, leading to symptoms like headaches, seizures, behavioral changes, and motor problems.

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    Related Documents

    BMS2046_Disorders of CNS_Part 2_v1.0_04 MAR 2024.pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers the most prevalent neurological and psychiatric disorders, cost of brain disorders, brain regions' locations and functions, as well as the component cell types and their functions within the Central Nervous System (CNS). Part 2 focuses on specific learning outcomes related to the disorders of the CNS.

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