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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of depression?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of depression?
Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected in depression?
Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected in depression?
What neurotransmitter signaling pathways are implicated in Tourette's syndrome?
What neurotransmitter signaling pathways are implicated in Tourette's syndrome?
What is the main characteristic of psychotic depression?
What is the main characteristic of psychotic depression?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression?
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Which treatment modality is commonly used for Tourette's syndrome?
Which treatment modality is commonly used for Tourette's syndrome?
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Which class of antidepressants primarily target the serotonin system?
Which class of antidepressants primarily target the serotonin system?
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What is a common symptom of traumatic brain injury?
What is a common symptom of traumatic brain injury?
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Which neurotransmitter is inhibited by antipsychotic medications in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome?
Which neurotransmitter is inhibited by antipsychotic medications in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome?
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What is the primary cause of psychotic episodes?
What is the primary cause of psychotic episodes?
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What early life experience may act as a trigger for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease?
What early life experience may act as a trigger for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease?
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Which brain regions are implicated in Tourette's syndrome due to abnormalities?
Which brain regions are implicated in Tourette's syndrome due to abnormalities?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of migraine?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of migraine?
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Migraine with aura refers to which of the following symptoms?
Migraine with aura refers to which of the following symptoms?
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Which brain region is primarily responsible for the pain associated with migraine?
Which brain region is primarily responsible for the pain associated with migraine?
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What is the approximate ratio of migraine prevalence between women and men?
What is the approximate ratio of migraine prevalence between women and men?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a symptom or characteristic of migraine in the given text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a symptom or characteristic of migraine in the given text?
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Which of the following is a potential cause of migraines?
Which of the following is a potential cause of migraines?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
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Which of the following is a potential treatment for anxiety disorders?
Which of the following is a potential treatment for anxiety disorders?
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Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?
Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?
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Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing anxiety disorders?
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing anxiety disorders?
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Which of the following is a symptom of phobia-related disorders?
Which of the following is a symptom of phobia-related disorders?
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Which of the following is NOT a common treatment option for spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following is NOT a common treatment option for spinal cord injuries?
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What is the main characteristic of a complete spinal cord injury?
What is the main characteristic of a complete spinal cord injury?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with central nervous system (CNS) tumors?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with central nervous system (CNS) tumors?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of epilepsy?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of epilepsy?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of narcolepsy?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of narcolepsy?
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What is the primary cause of hydrocephalus?
What is the primary cause of hydrocephalus?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with multiple sclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with multiple sclerosis?
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What is the primary treatment for narcolepsy?
What is the primary treatment for narcolepsy?
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What is the main cause of multiple sclerosis?
What is the main cause of multiple sclerosis?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of spinal cord injuries?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of spinal cord injuries?
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Migraine is more common in men than in women.
Migraine is more common in men than in women.
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Migraine with aura is characterized by visual disturbances as warning signs.
Migraine with aura is characterized by visual disturbances as warning signs.
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Migraine is only associated with dull and constant pain.
Migraine is only associated with dull and constant pain.
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Multiple sclerosis is a psychiatric disorder.
Multiple sclerosis is a psychiatric disorder.
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The cost of brain disorders is not a topic covered in the learning outcomes for BMS2046.
The cost of brain disorders is not a topic covered in the learning outcomes for BMS2046.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that primarily target the norepinephrine system.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that primarily target the norepinephrine system.
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Hallucinations, delusions, and confused thought are the three main symptoms of psychosis.
Hallucinations, delusions, and confused thought are the three main symptoms of psychosis.
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Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by the presence of both psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances.
Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by the presence of both psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances.
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Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as amitriptyline, primarily target the dopamine system.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as amitriptyline, primarily target the dopamine system.
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Paraphrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by paranoid delusions, but without significant impairment in personality or cognitive functioning.
Paraphrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by paranoid delusions, but without significant impairment in personality or cognitive functioning.
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the first-line treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the first-line treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
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Trigeminal ganglion mutations in the TRESK potassium channel are implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines.
Trigeminal ganglion mutations in the TRESK potassium channel are implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines.
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The exact cause of migraines is well-understood and involves solely the constriction of blood vessels.
The exact cause of migraines is well-understood and involves solely the constriction of blood vessels.
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Exposure to stressful and negative life events in early childhood or adulthood is considered a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders.
Exposure to stressful and negative life events in early childhood or adulthood is considered a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders.
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Serotonin receptor agonists, known as triptans, are not used in the treatment of migraines.
Serotonin receptor agonists, known as triptans, are not used in the treatment of migraines.
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Intense fear of specific objects or situations that is out of proportion to the actual potential danger is a characteristic of phobia-related disorders.
Intense fear of specific objects or situations that is out of proportion to the actual potential danger is a characteristic of phobia-related disorders.
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Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety or worry, most days for at least 6 months, related to personal health, work, social interactions, and everyday life.
Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety or worry, most days for at least 6 months, related to personal health, work, social interactions, and everyday life.
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Tourette's syndrome is primarily caused by environmental factors, with no genetic contribution.
Tourette's syndrome is primarily caused by environmental factors, with no genetic contribution.
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Antipsychotic medications used to treat Tourette's syndrome work by inhibiting dopaminergic transmission.
Antipsychotic medications used to treat Tourette's syndrome work by inhibiting dopaminergic transmission.
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Anxiety disorders are primarily caused by abnormalities in the serotonin neurotransmitter system.
Anxiety disorders are primarily caused by abnormalities in the serotonin neurotransmitter system.
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$\sqrt{2^2 + 3^2} = 5$
$\sqrt{2^2 + 3^2} = 5$
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Exposure to alcohol and drug misuse during early life can act as a trigger for the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Exposure to alcohol and drug misuse during early life can act as a trigger for the development of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a common psychological treatment for Tourette's syndrome.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a common psychological treatment for Tourette's syndrome.
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Spinal cord injuries can result in a complete lack of sensory and motor function below the level of injury.
Spinal cord injuries can result in a complete lack of sensory and motor function below the level of injury.
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Epilepsy is characterized by excessive and abnormal neuronal activity in the cerebellum.
Epilepsy is characterized by excessive and abnormal neuronal activity in the cerebellum.
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Hydrocephalus is caused by a congenital defect that restricts the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Hydrocephalus is caused by a congenital defect that restricts the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Multiple sclerosis is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in myelin-producing cells.
Multiple sclerosis is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in myelin-producing cells.
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Cataplexy, a symptom of narcolepsy, involves sudden onset of muscle paralysis triggered by strong emotions.
Cataplexy, a symptom of narcolepsy, involves sudden onset of muscle paralysis triggered by strong emotions.
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Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are always malignant and life-threatening.
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are always malignant and life-threatening.
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Spinal cord injuries are primarily caused by compression or fracture of the vertebrae.
Spinal cord injuries are primarily caused by compression or fracture of the vertebrae.
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$\pi$ is an irrational number.
$\pi$ is an irrational number.
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Antiepileptic drugs are the only treatment option for epilepsy.
Antiepileptic drugs are the only treatment option for epilepsy.
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The primary cause of narcolepsy is the loss of hypocretin/orexin-producing neurons.
The primary cause of narcolepsy is the loss of hypocretin/orexin-producing neurons.
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Study Notes
- Triggers for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases include depression, stress, early life experiences, alcohol and drug misuse, and psychosis.
- Pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome involves genetic, anatomical, and neurotransmitter signaling abnormalities (glutamate, GABA, dopamine).
- Tourette's syndrome is characterized by tics, premonitory sensations, and commonly coexists with OCD, ADHD, and anxiety.
- Traumatic brain injury results from sudden brain trauma causing symptoms like loss of consciousness, headache, vomiting, seizures, and blurred vision.
- Depression categories include major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, postpartum depression, and seasonal affective disorder.
- Psychosis is characterized by a loss of contact with reality and includes disorders like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and paraphrenia.
- Spinal cord injuries result from sudden trauma to the spine, leading to complications like chronic pain, respiratory infections, bladder dysfunction, and fractures.
- CNS tumors can be benign or malignant growths that can pressure brain tissue, leading to symptoms like headaches, seizures, behavioral changes, and motor problems.
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Description
This quiz covers the most prevalent neurological and psychiatric disorders, cost of brain disorders, brain regions' locations and functions, as well as the component cell types and their functions within the Central Nervous System (CNS). Part 2 focuses on specific learning outcomes related to the disorders of the CNS.
