BMS2046 Disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS) Part 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the four main categories of neurological disorders mentioned in the text?

  • Acute illnesses, degenerative diseases, developmental disorders, autoimmune conditions
  • Infectious diseases, chronic pain syndromes, metabolic disorders, psychological disorders
  • Sudden onset, chronic conditions, genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases
  • Sudden onset conditions, intermittent and unpredictable conditions, progressive conditions, stable with changing needs (correct)

    • What are the typical causes of neurological disorders as mentioned in the text?

  • Toxic substance exposure, excessive screen time, lack of vitamin D, excessive physical activity
  • Hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, lack of exercise, psychological trauma
  • Genes, environment, bacterial or viral infections, traumatic injuries or accidents (correct)
  • Unhealthy diet, lack of sleep, social isolation, environmental pollution

    • What is the approximate global disease prevalence of neurological and psychiatric disorders according to the text?

  • ~20%
  • ~5%
  • ~13% (correct)
  • ~8%

    • Which part of the nervous system can neurological disorders affect?

    <p>Either the central or peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of sudden onset conditions among neurological disorders?

    <p>Stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurological and psychiatric disorders can be associated with abnormalities in ____.

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glial cells is correct?

    <p>Astrocytes can influence the formation of neural synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual prevalence of mental health disorders in the UK, according to Fineberg et al. (2013)?

    <p>45 million diagnoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the economic burden of brain disorders is correct?

    <p>The economic burden of brain disorders includes both direct and indirect costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

    <p>Reproductive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about neurons is correct?

    <p>Neurons consist of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, according to the information provided?

    <p>85.1 billion neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated total cost of mental health in Europe in 2010?

    <p>€137,476 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a direct non-medical cost related to mental health in Europe?

    <p>Medication costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of people in England are reported to experience a common mental health problem in any given week?

    <p>1 in 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a mental health condition in the text?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people in the UK are affected by neurological conditions according to the text?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a common mental health problem typically include?

    <p>Anxiety and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microglia in the nervous system?

    <p>Removing cellular debris, microbes, and damaged tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the myelin sheath contribute to the efficient transmission of nerve impulses?

    <p>It increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction by insulating axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Restricting access for substances in the blood to enter the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances can readily cross the blood-brain barrier by diffusion?

    <p>Lipid-soluble substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Providing mechanical protection and a shock-absorbing medium for the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is associated with higher cognitive functions and processes?

    <p>The cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for regulating anxiety, vision, and motor control?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of serotonin as a neurotransmitter?

    <p>Regulates mood, emotion, appetite &amp; digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is the most abundant in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there are low levels of GABA in the body?

    <p>Increased irritability &amp; anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin and involved in sleep regulation?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functions are primarily associated with glutamate as a neurotransmitter?

    <p>Supporting cognitive functions, memory, and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of both the brain and the spinal cord.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurological disorders can only be caused by genetic factors and not environmental factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parkinson's disease and dementia are examples of progressive neurological conditions mentioned in the text.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The global disease prevalence of neurological and psychiatric disorders is approximately 25%.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Narcolepsy is classified as an intermittent and unpredictable neurological condition in the text.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural, biochemical, or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord, or nerves can cause neurological disorders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Astrocytes with short branching processes are primarily found in white matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most neurons are capable of undergoing mitotic divisions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spinal cord contains more neurons than the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microglia play a minimal role in maintaining the chemical environment for nerve impulse generation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glial cells primarily function to transmit nerve impulses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurons consist of dendrites, a cell body, and an action potential.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oligodendrocytes form and maintain the myelin sheath around PNS axons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothalamus is solely responsible for regulating emotional and behavioral patterns in the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain consumes approximately 10% of the oxygen used by the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The substantia nigra is involved in the production of dopamine, which acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thalamus relays sensory information from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum and basal nuclei.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood-brain barrier allows easy diffusion of most antibiotics into the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the hypothalamus are responsible for regulating feeding and satiety centers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebrospinal fluid primarily provides mechanical protection to the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenalin, is an excitatory neurotransmitter produced in the adrenal glands and involved in the stress response.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebral cortex is a thick, multilayered structure consisting mainly of white matter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frontal lobes of the brain are primarily associated with basic motor functions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The limbic system is unique to mammals and is primarily involved in species preservation and self-preservation behaviors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GABA is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the Central Nervous System (CNS).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glutamate plays a key role in regulating cognitive functions, memory, and learning.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serotonin acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain regions specialized for mood, emotion, and appetite.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Melatonin is primarily responsible for balancing out excessive excitatory effects of neurotransmitters in the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oligodendrocytes are supporting glial cells found in the Central Nervous System (CNS).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disruption of specific brain regions specialized for certain functions will not result in associated symptoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood, emotion, appetite, digestion, and is a precursor to melatonin for sleep. It helps balance out excessive excitatory effects.
    • GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter regulating anxiety, vision, and motor control. Low levels can lead to irritability and anxiety.
    • Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, affecting cognitive functions, memory, and learning.
    • The brain is specialized in different regions for specific functions, and disruptions in these regions lead to related symptoms.
    • The central nervous system is comprised of neurons and supporting glial cells like astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes.
    • Neurological disorders can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, infections, or traumatic injuries, with over 600 known conditions falling into four main categories.
    • Mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia can cause distress or impairment in personal functioning.

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    BMS2046 Disorders of the CNS: Part 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on neurological and psychiatric disorders, prevalence, costs, brain regions, cell types, symptoms, causes, and treatments related to CNS disorders. Part 1 focuses on defining prevalent disorders and understanding their costs.

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