Blood Vessels Anatomy and Function Quiz

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Which of the following is the correct description of the septum wall in the heart?

The septum wall separates the heart into an upper and lower chamber.

The septum wall is a thin-walled structure in the heart.

The septum wall is located between the atria and ventricles.

The septum wall separates the heart into a right and left side. (correct)

How many chambers does the heart have?

4 chambers (correct)

5 chambers

3 chambers

2 chambers

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

The right atrium and the left atrium (correct)

The tricuspid valve and the mitral valve

The pulmonary semilunar valve and the aortic semilunar valve

The right ventricle and the left ventricle

What is the purpose of the heart valves?

To keep blood flowing in the right direction and prevent backward movement Signup and view all the answers

What are the valves between the atria and ventricles called?

Atrioventricular (AV) valves Signup and view all the answers

What are the strong, fibrous strings that anchor the AV valves called?

Chordae tendineae Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the AV valve on the left side of the heart?

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

Just above the aortic semilunar valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscle fibers that encircle the arterioles?

To contract and dilate the arterioles, controlling blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the total surface area of the capillaries in the human body?

Approximately 6,300 square meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid surrounding the heart?

To provide lubrication for the heart's movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of the human heart compared to a clenched fist?

The heart is about the size of a clenched fist Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillaries in the body?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the heart within the body?

The heart is tilted to the left side of the body, with the apex pointing to the left Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the interior wall of the heart, known as the myocardium?

Cardiac muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericardium, the thick, membranous sac that surrounds the heart?

To provide a protective barrier against physical damage to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations increases SA and AV nodal activity?

Exercise or stress Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones stimulate the heart during exercise?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall called?

Pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure of blood against the wall of a blood vessel called?

Blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest arterial pressure called?

Systolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure blood pressure?

Millimeters mercury (mm Hg) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal resting blood pressure range for a young adult?

Slightly lower than 120/80 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body?

Transport of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon monoxide (CO) differ in its binding to hemoglobin compared to oxygen (O2)?

CO binds reversibly with heme, while O2 binds irreversibly. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the percentage of plasma CO2 exceeded 7%?

Plasma would bubble like a soda. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the blood actually carries carbon dioxide (CO2) in the form of carbaminohemoglobin?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What gives red blood cells (RBCs) their biconcave shape?

Lack of nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of heme in red blood cells (RBCs) regarding oxygen and carbon dioxide transport?

Accepts oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues. Signup and view all the answers

How many red blood cells (RBCs) are present per microliter (μl) of whole blood?

4-6 million RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for hemoglobin bound with carbon dioxide (CO2) in red blood cells?

Carbaminohemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What % of plasma is made up of water?

91% Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the body are red blood cells usually produced?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor responsible for venous return (the return of blood to the heart)?

The skeletal muscle pump Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is considered a 'silent killer' due to its often asymptomatic nature?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Storage of energy reserves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of blood?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range for blood?

7.3 - 7.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for blood clotting?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory pump in relation to blood flow?

Facilitating venous return to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disorder of the blood vessels?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers