Blood Vessels Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct description of the septum wall in the heart?

  • The septum wall separates the heart into an upper and lower chamber.
  • The septum wall is a thin-walled structure in the heart.
  • The septum wall is located between the atria and ventricles.
  • The septum wall separates the heart into a right and left side. (correct)

    • How many chambers does the heart have?

  • 4 chambers (correct)
  • 5 chambers
  • 3 chambers
  • 2 chambers

    • What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

  • The right atrium and the left atrium (correct)
  • The tricuspid valve and the mitral valve
  • The pulmonary semilunar valve and the aortic semilunar valve
  • The right ventricle and the left ventricle

    • What is the purpose of the heart valves?

    <p>To keep blood flowing in the right direction and prevent backward movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the valves between the atria and ventricles called?

    <p>Atrioventricular (AV) valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the strong, fibrous strings that anchor the AV valves called?

    <p>Chordae tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the AV valve on the left side of the heart?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the coronary arteries originate?

    <p>Just above the aortic semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscle fibers that encircle the arterioles?

    <p>To contract and dilate the arterioles, controlling blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total surface area of the capillaries in the human body?

    <p>Approximately 6,300 square meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid surrounding the heart?

    <p>To provide lubrication for the heart's movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate size of the human heart compared to a clenched fist?

    <p>The heart is about the size of a clenched fist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the capillaries in the body?

    <p>To transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of the heart within the body?

    <p>The heart is tilted to the left side of the body, with the apex pointing to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the interior wall of the heart, known as the myocardium?

    <p>Cardiac muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pericardium, the thick, membranous sac that surrounds the heart?

    <p>To provide a protective barrier against physical damage to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations increases SA and AV nodal activity?

    <p>Exercise or stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones stimulate the heart during exercise?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall called?

    <p>Pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure of blood against the wall of a blood vessel called?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

    <p>Sphygmomanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest arterial pressure called?

    <p>Systolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit used to measure blood pressure?

    <p>Millimeters mercury (mm Hg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal resting blood pressure range for a young adult?

    <p>Slightly lower than 120/80 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body?

    <p>Transport of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbon monoxide (CO) differ in its binding to hemoglobin compared to oxygen (O2)?

    <p>CO binds reversibly with heme, while O2 binds irreversibly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the percentage of plasma CO2 exceeded 7%?

    <p>Plasma would bubble like a soda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the blood actually carries carbon dioxide (CO2) in the form of carbaminohemoglobin?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives red blood cells (RBCs) their biconcave shape?

    <p>Lack of nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of heme in red blood cells (RBCs) regarding oxygen and carbon dioxide transport?

    <p>Accepts oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many red blood cells (RBCs) are present per microliter (μl) of whole blood?

    <p>4-6 million RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for hemoglobin bound with carbon dioxide (CO2) in red blood cells?

    <p>Carbaminohemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What % of plasma is made up of water?

    <p>91%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what part of the body are red blood cells usually produced?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor responsible for venous return (the return of blood to the heart)?

    <p>The skeletal muscle pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is considered a 'silent killer' due to its often asymptomatic nature?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

    <p>Storage of energy reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of blood?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH range for blood?

    <p>7.3 - 7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for blood clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory pump in relation to blood flow?

    <p>Facilitating venous return to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disorder of the blood vessels?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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