16 Questions
What is the main function of arteries in the circulatory system?
To carry blood away from the heart to the body's cells
The walls of veins have thicker muscle layers than those of arteries.
False
What is the name of the cavity within a blood vessel?
Lumen
The transport system in mammals consists of the heart, blood vessels, and ____________________ vessels.
lymph
Which type of blood vessel has a wall that is only one cell thick?
Capillary
All transport vessels have some structural features in common.
True
Match the following blood vessels with their characteristics.
Artery = Vein
The blood in arteries is pumped out of the heart under ____________________ pressure.
high
What happens when the smooth muscle in the arteries contracts?
Blood flow decreases
The walls of veins have thicker muscle and elastic layers than those of arteries.
False
What is the main function of valves in veins?
To prevent blood from flowing backwards
The walls of capillaries are extremely _________ to allow for efficient diffusion of substances.
thin
Match the following components of blood vessels with their functions:
Smooth muscle = Regulate blood flow Elastic fibers = Expand and recoil to squeeze blood Valves = Prevent backflow of blood Thin walls = Allow for efficient diffusion of substances
What happens to the lumen diameter when the smooth muscle in the arteries relaxes?
It increases
The lumen diameter of veins is narrower than that of arteries.
False
What is the main function of the elastic fibers in the walls of arteries?
To expand and recoil to squeeze blood under pressure
Study Notes
Blood vessels, with a lumen and wall, are found in the circulatory and lymphatic systems. There are three main types: arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, with thick walls that withstand high blood pressure and elastic fibres that allow them to expand and recoil. Veins carry blood back to the heart with thin walls and valves that prevent backflow. Capillaries are thin vessels that exchange substances between blood and cells, with thin walls and a small lumen that forces red blood cells to pass through in single file.
Compare the structure and function of arteries, capillaries, and veins in the transport system of mammals, including their role in blood and lymph circulation.
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