Lecture 7 - Cardiovascular Vessels 1 A+P2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the tunica media in blood vessels?

  • To provide a barrier between the blood and the vessel wall
  • To contain smooth muscle and elastic tissue (correct)
  • To anchor the vessel to surrounding tissue
  • To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients

    • Which type of artery is characterized by its ability to stretch without tearing in response to increased pressure?

  • Muscular Arteries
  • Elastic Arteries (correct)
  • Capillaries
  • Arterioles

    • What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel responsible for?

  • Regulating blood flow and pressure
  • Anchoring the vessel to surrounding tissue (correct)
  • Facilitating the exchange of oxygen and nutrients
  • Providing a barrier between the blood and the vessel wall

    • Which of the following arteries is NOT an example of an elastic artery?

    <p>Brachial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the elastic fibers in the tunica media of elastic arteries?

    <p>To convert stored energy to kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of arterioles?

    <p>Muscular walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Starling forces in the capillary bed?

    <p>To regulate fluid exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure-driven movement of fluid from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure that promotes reabsorption of fluid from the interstitial fluid back into the capillary?

    <p>Blood colloid osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net filtration pressure at the arterial end of the capillary?

    <p>10 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of fluid filtered that is reabsorbed?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for blood flow?

    <p>Flow = P ÷ R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects blood pressure?

    <p>Total blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest pressure in the arteries?

    <p>Systolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for mean arterial pressure?

    <p>MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP - DBP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal ratio of systolic:diastolic:pulse pressure?

    <p>3:2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscular layer in muscular arteries?

    <p>To maintain vascular tone and control blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the union of two or more branches of arteries that supply the same tissue or region?

    <p>Anastomoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillaries are found in the kidneys and have larger holes?

    <p>Fenestrated capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of precapillary sphincters?

    <p>To control blood flow into the capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of venules that allows them to act as a reservoir of blood?

    <p>Thin walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of valves in veins?

    <p>To aid in venous return by preventing backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arteries do not anastomose and blockage leads to necrosis and cell death?

    <p>End arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of arterioles?

    <p>To control blood flow to the organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of capillaries that allows for the exchange of nutrients and wastes?

    <p>Thin walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillaries are found in the liver and have a more extensive network?

    <p>Sinusoidal capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal blood pressure in the aorta during systole?

    <p>120 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the skeletal muscle pump in venous return?

    <p>To compress veins and push blood through valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of baroreceptors in the neural regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>To sense changes in pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on cardiac output?

    <p>Increase force of heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the hormonal regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>To respond to dehydration or decreased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure?

    <p>Decreases blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for a drop of blood to go from the right atrium and back?

    <p>1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many miles does a person's blood travel in one day?

    <p>12,000 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does the heart beat in a year?

    <p>35 million times</p> Signup and view all the answers

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