Blood Physiology Lecture 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of blood clotting?

  • To provide protection against excessive fluid and cell loss (correct)
  • To fight infections
  • To transport oxygen to tissues
  • To regulate body temperature

    • What percentage of body weight is composed of total circulating blood volume?

  • 10%
  • 7% (correct)
  • 5%
  • 15%

    • What is the main component of blood that constitutes 55% of its volume?

  • White blood cells
  • Red blood cells
  • Plasma (correct)
  • Platelets

    • Which of the following is not a component of blood?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs to minimize blood loss when blood vessels are compromised?

    <p>Clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cells and chemicals in the blood concerning the immune system?

    <p>They protect against foreign substances like microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood components and the immune system?

    <p>Both cells and chemicals in the blood contribute to immune defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do blood components assist in protecting the body from microorganisms?

    <p>By identifying and neutralizing foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the function of blood in the context of the immune system?

    <p>Blood contributes to immune defense by recognizing foreign particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances in blood contribute to immune protection?

    <p>Cells and chemicals involved in immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of plasma proteins in the 7% solution?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances does NOT settle out of a 7% plasma protein solution?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most plasma proteins synthesized?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines the components suspended in a 7% plasma protein solution?

    <p>They remain in suspension without settling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plasma protein plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for manufacturing circulating antibodies or immunoglobulins?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins?

    <p>Producing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the 7% plasma protein solution is correct?

    <p>It contains proteins that do not settle out of the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma proteins are primarily produced in the liver?

    <p>Albumins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of immunoglobulins in blood?

    <p>Immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of immunoglobulins in the body?

    <p>Defend against invading pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocytes are responsible for forming antibodies?

    <p>β – lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as an immunoglobulin?

    <p>IgL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many classes of immunoglobulins are known?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in allergic reactions?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of capillary oncotic pressure is due to plasma protein albumin?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical value of capillary oncotic pressure attributed to albumin at both ends of the capillary?

    <p>25 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the capillary oncotic pressure have on fluid movement?

    <p>Promotes osmosis of fluid inward through the capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to fluid in the capillaries as a result of oncotic pressure established by albumin?

    <p>Fluid is reabsorbed from surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in capillary physiology?

    <p>Albumin maintains osmotic balance within capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Physiology Lecture 1

    • Blood is a specialized tissue, part of the circulatory system, responsible for delivering necessities (gases, nutrients) and removing waste from tissues and organs.
    • Haematology is the scientific study of blood structure and function, including health and disease.
    • Learning objectives include understanding blood structure and function in health and disease, the formation of formed elements (blood cells), and the process of hemostasis.

    General Functions of Blood

    • Transportation: Blood carries oxygen from lungs to cells and transports carbon dioxide away from cells. It also transports nutrients, electrolytes, and water from the gastrointestinal tract to cells.
    • Maintenance of Homeostasis: Blood helps maintain a stable internal environment, including pH balance (7.35-7.45) using buffers (hormones and enzymes). It also plays a role in regulating temperature.
    • Protection: Blood cells and chemicals comprise the immune system, protecting against foreign substances like microorganisms. Blood clotting prevents excessive fluid and cell loss during blood vessel damage.

    Composition of Blood

    • Normal blood volume is 7% of body weight.
    • Blood consists of plasma (fluid component, 55%) and blood cells (solid component, 45%).
    • The solid portion of blood is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and cell fragments (platelets, thrombocytes).
    • A blood sample shows Plasma, Buffy coat, and Red Blood Cells.

    Plasma

    • Plasma (55% of total blood volume) is a pale yellow liquid, primarily water (91%).
    •  Plasma contains dissolved solutes including ions, nutrients, vitamins, gases, regulatory substances (hormones), and waste products.
    • The 7% of plasma is comprised of plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen).
    • Plasma proteins are synthesized primarily in the liver, except for antibodies which are made by plasma cells (from B-lymphocytes).

    Functions of Plasma Proteins

    • Coagulation: Fibrinogen is essential to blood clotting. Deficiency can lead to clotting issues. Other factors also prevent spontaneous clotting in blood vessels.
    • Transport: Many plasma proteins serve as carriers for compounds involved in nutrition and hormonal regulation. Albumin and globulins are carrier proteins.
    • Inflammation: Plasma proteins fight inflammation triggered by infection, allergies, or autoimmune disease.
    • Immunity: Immunoglobulins (Ig's)/ antibodies are created by B-lymphocytes and play a crucial role in defending against invasive pathogens. Types of Ig's include IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
    • Transvascular Exchange: Albumins maintain fluid balance between compartments through osmotic (oncotic) pressure.
    • Capillary Function: Capillary hydrostatic pressure (40 mmHg) forces fluid out, while oncotic pressure (25 mmHg) pulls fluid in. Reabsorption occurs primarily at the venous end of capillaries where oncotic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure (12 mmHg)

    Lymph

    • Lymph is tissue fluid that enters the venous blood flow via lymphatic circulation.
    • Lymph contains clotting factors and proteins that have traversed capillary walls.
    • Lymph protein concentration is lower than plasma.

    Key Concepts

    • Important to consider the relationship between the forces of hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure in capillary exchange.
    • Abnormalities in these pressures can lead to edema (accumulation of fluid in tissues).

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    Blood Physiology Lec. 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts of blood physiology, focusing on the structure and function of blood in health and disease. Topics include the transportation of gases and nutrients, maintenance of homeostasis, and the role of blood in protection and immune response. Test your understanding of these essential functions of blood and their importance to the circulatory system.

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