Y1S1 004 III Physiology Haematology Questions: Anaemia, Iron Metabolism, and Blood Groups

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What is the primary cause of megaloblastic anaemia in relation to vitamin B12?

Reduced intake of folate
Failure to secrete intrinsic factor (correct)
Inability to absorb cobalamin due to ileal resection
Deficiency in pyruvate kinase

What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells in megaloblastic anaemia?

Sickle-shaped
Rigid and spherical
Target cells
Oval macrocytes (correct)

Which of the following conditions is likely to result in increased erythropoietin?

Physical exercise
Relocation to high altitudes (correct)
Haemorrhage
End-stage renal disease

Which of the following enzyme deficiencies is associated with intrinsic haemolytic anaemia?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of pernicious anaemia?

Gastric atrophy due to autoimmune injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells is produced in the lowest number each day?

Monocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of haemoglobin S or H forming aggregates within the red blood cells?

Red blood cells become more rigid and lose deformability (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features of erythrocytes does not contribute to their ability to transfer oxygen?

Presence of mitochondria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of erythrocytes in iron deficiency anaemia?

Microcytic and hypochromic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of megaloblastic anaemia?

Deficiency in pyruvate kinase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying the peripheral blood smear?

To search for morphological clues to the diagnosis from the WBCs and platelets (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a reticulocyte count?

To monitor the response to treatment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of abnormalities in the cytoskeletal protein, spectrin?

Formation of microspherocytes and haemolysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the duodenal cytochrome reductase (DcytB) in iron absorption?

It reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hepcidin in regulating iron absorption?

It directly binds to ferroportin, degrading it and preventing iron from leaving the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein ferroportin in iron absorption?

It transports iron from the enterocytes into the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the apical transport protein, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)?

It takes up Fe2+ from the gut lumen into the enterocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the protein hephaestin in iron absorption?

It permits iron transport from the enterocytes into the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ineffective erythropoiesis?

Formation of defective RBCs that are destroyed within the marrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of intrinsic haemolytic disorders?

Stem from a defect in the RBC (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ABO blood grouping?

To determine the blood type of an individual (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Rh blood group?

It determines the susceptibility to hemolytic disease of the newborn (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of agglutination of RBCs?

Clumping of RBCs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of Rh-positive individuals in the Caucasian population?

85% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone hepcidin in the body?

To inhibit the release of iron from macrophages and hepatocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the highest concentration of haemosiderin stored in the body?

In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid destruction of red blood cells in the circulation?

The bone marrow produces more red blood cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of senescent or damaged red blood cells from the circulation?

Haemolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the destruction of red blood cells within the circulation, resulting in the release of free haemoglobin and red blood cell contents into the bloodstream?

Intravascular haemolysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of blood transfusion that can lead to haemolysis?

Blood transfusion reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers