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Questions and Answers
What is the function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
Which component makes up the majority of blood volume?
What is the main reason for the different colors of blood in vessels?
Which characteristic defines the structure of red blood cells (RBCs)?
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What is the primary role of plasma in blood?
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What is the main function of neutrophils?
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Which type of white blood cell is responsible for killing parasitic worms and lessening allergic reactions?
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What is the function of basophils in the body?
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Which white blood cell type has a kidney-shaped nucleus and transforms into macrophages in tissues?
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What are platelets primarily responsible for?
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What is the correct sequence of events in the process of hemostasis?
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Study Notes
Blood and Its Functions
- Transports nutrients, gases, and wastes around the body
- Composed of 55% plasma, 45% formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Composition of Whole Blood
- Plasma: 90% water, 10% dissolved gases, salts, minerals, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, and proteins
- Physical characteristics: 5 times more viscous than water, colors due to oxygen amount in vessels, pH range of 7.35-7.45
- Blood volume: 5-6 liters in the human body
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
- Structure: biconcave shape, round sides, no nucleus and few organelles
- Function: transport oxygen around the body via hemoglobin molecules
- Production: produced in bone marrow, assist in hematopoiesis
- Fate: destroyed in the spleen after 120-day lifespan
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Granulocytes
- Neutrophils: destroy bacteria, produced during infection
- Basophils: release histamines to dilate blood vessels
- Eosinophils: kill parasitic worms, lessen allergic reactions
Agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes: largest and spherical nucleus, found in lymph nodes, T-cells and B-cells
- Monocytes: kidney-shaped nucleus, become macrophages to attack and engulf viruses, parasites, and bacterial infections
Platelets
- Structure: made up of tiny fragments of other cells
- Function: clotting the blood when a vessel is broken
- Production: produced to clot blood
Hemostasis
- Vascular spasms: reduce blood loss by contracting blood vessels
- Platelet plug formation: platelets stick together at the wounded epithelium
- Coagulation: injured tissue releases tissue factor, interacting with platelets to produce thrombin
- Clot retraction and repair: thrombus dislodges and floats through the blood, becoming an embolus
Blood Groups
- ABO blood groups: A, B, AB, and O
- Rh blood groups: Rh positive (Rh+) and Rh negative (Rh-)
- Basis of transfusion reactions: mismatch between donor and recipient blood types
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functions of blood and the composition of whole blood, including plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. Learn about the transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes in the body, as well as the physical characteristics of blood.
