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Blood Functions and Components Quiz
40 Questions
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Blood Functions and Components Quiz

Created by
@AccomplishedLongBeach

Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of blood?

  • Production of heat
  • Transport of hormones (correct)
  • Regulation of sleep
  • Storage of nutrients

    • Blood helps maintain normal pH levels in the body.

    True

    What are the three main cellular elements of blood?

    Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

    Blood prevents infection by carrying __________, which are vital for immune response.

    <p>white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the function of blood with its description:

    <p>Transport = Delivering O2 and nutrients Regulation = Maintaining body temperature Protection = Preventing blood loss Immune Response = Carrying antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin (EPO) is primarily produced in which organ?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelets are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plasma proteins play in blood?

    <p>They initiate clot formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hemoglobin (Hb) in erythrocytes?

    <p>To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin (EPO) is released by the heart in response to low oxygen levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of red blood cells (RBCs) produced per second?

    <p>More than 2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of formation of RBCs is called __________.

    <p>erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does oxyhemoglobin appear?

    <p>Ruby red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their associated functions:

    <p>Oxyhemoglobin = Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues Carbaminohemoglobin = Transports carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs Erythropoietin = Stimulates RBC production Reduced hemoglobin = Results from oxygen unloading in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high number of red blood cells in the blood decreases blood viscosity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one dietary requirement for erythropoiesis?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood type is considered the universal donor?

    <p>Type O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with type AB blood can receive blood from any blood type without risk of transfusion reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes transfusion reactions when mismatched blood is infused?

    <p>Recipient's plasma agglutinins attack donor's RBCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type A blood has the _____ agglutinogen on its red blood cells.

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding blood type inheritance is correct?

    <p>Both parents contribute one ABO gene to their child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood types with their characteristics:

    <p>Type A = Has A agglutinogen Type B = Has B agglutinogen Type AB = Has both A and B agglutinogens Type O = Has neither A nor B agglutinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of anti-A antibodies in the plasma would enable a person with type B blood to receive type AB blood safely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small blood vessels that can become clogged during a transfusion reaction?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible negative consequence of abusing erythropoietin (EPO) by athletes?

    <p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All leukocytes, or white blood cells, contain visible cytoplasmic granules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is released by the kidneys to stimulate red bone marrow in the production of red blood cells?

    <p>erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukocytosis is defined as a WBC count over _____ per µl.

    <p>11,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of leukocytes with their characteristics:

    <p>Granulocytes = Contain visible cytoplasmic granules Agranulocytes = Do not contain visible cytoplasmic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause hemoglobin levels to decrease?

    <p>Decreased availability of O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of leukocytes is to aid in oxygen transport in the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hematocrit levels when EPO is misused by athletes?

    <p>Hematocrit levels can increase from 45% up to 65%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with blood type O can receive blood from which of the following types?

    <p>only O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-Rh antibodies are spontaneously formed in Rh- individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is erythroblastosis fetalis?

    <p>Hemolytic disease of the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RhoGAM serum is used to prevent Rh- mothers from becoming __________.

    <p>sensitized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the blood tests with their descriptions:

    <p>Hematocrit = Indicates level of red blood cells Blood glucose test = Checks for diabetes Leukocytosis = Signals infection Microscopic examination = Reveals variations in RBCs size or shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor indicates the presence of the D antigen in a person's blood?

    <p>Rh+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First pregnancy of an Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus poses risks of hemolytic disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common Rh factor among the named Rh agglutinogens?

    <p>D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functions of Blood

    • Blood serves as the primary transport medium in the cardiovascular system, facilitating vital physiological functions.
    • Major functions include:
      • Transport: Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells, removes metabolic wastes, and transports hormones from endocrine glands to target organs.
      • Regulation: Helps maintain body temperature, normal pH levels via buffers, and fluid volume in the circulatory system.
      • Protection: Prevents blood loss through clot formation and helps defend against infections with immune agents like antibodies and white blood cells.

    Cellular Components of Blood

    • Blood consists of cellular elements and the extracellular matrix known as plasma.

    • Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells):

      • Contain hemoglobin (Hb), capable of transporting up to four molecules of oxygen.
      • Approximately 250 million Hb molecules present in each RBC.
      • Functions include oxygen loading in lungs (forming oxyhemoglobin) and unloading in tissues (forming deoxyhemoglobin).
      • Carbon dioxide binding occurs in tissues, with 20% of CO2 binding to Hb forming carbaminohemoglobin.

    • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells):

      • Complete cells with nuclei and organelles, crucial for immune defense.
      • Classified into granulocytes (with visible granules) and agranulocytes (without visible granules).
      • Leukocytosis refers to a WBC count exceeding 11,000 cells per microliter, commonly a response to infection.

    • Thrombocytes (Platelets):

      • Key players in clot formation, aiding in the prevention of blood loss.

    Erythropoiesis and Erythropoietin (EPO)

    • Erythropoiesis: The formation of RBCs that takes approximately 15 days.
    • Critical factors include:
      • Hormonal controls, specifically erythropoietin (EPO), released by kidneys (and some from the liver), which increases RBC production in response to hypoxia.
      • Dietary requirements impact RBC production; deficiencies (e.g., iron) can hinder hemoglobin synthesis.

    Blood Typing and Transfusion Reactions

    • Human blood types include ABO (A, B, AB, O) and Rh factor (positive or negative).
    • Blood type is inherited; A and B are dominant, while O is recessive.
    • Mismatched transfusion can provoke severe immune responses leading to agglutination and potential life-threatening complications.
    • Type O is considered a universal donor, while type AB is a universal recipient due to the absence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

    Rh Factor Implications

    • 52 named Rh antigens, with D being the most significant.
    • Rh positive indicates D antigen presence.
    • Anti-Rh antibodies do not occur spontaneously in Rh-negative individuals but develop upon exposure to Rh-positive blood.
    • Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur when an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive fetus, requiring preventative measures like RhoGAM serum.

    Diagnostic Blood Tests

    • Blood analysis provides insights into overall health:
      • Low hematocrit levels may indicate anemia.
      • Blood glucose tests are utilized for diabetes screening.
      • High leukocyte counts may suggest infection.
      • Microscopic examination can reveal abnormalities in RBC size or shape, which are indicative of various health conditions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the various functions of blood, including its role in transport and immune response. It also examines the cellular elements and extracellular matrix of blood, focusing on erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Test your understanding of these critical components of the circulatory system.

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