Blood Composition and Protection Functions Quiz

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Which of the following is NOT a function of blood protection?

Carrying agents of immunity
Preventing blood loss
Regulating body temperature (correct)
Preventing infection

What is the name of the layer between the red blood cells and the plasma layer in a spun tube of blood?

Buffy coat layer (correct)
Erythrocyte layer
Plasma layer
Hematocrit layer

What is the normal hematocrit range for females?

42% ± 5% (correct)
55%
47% ± 5%
40% - 50%

What is the primary function of the plasma in blood?

Providing a matrix for the blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of 'formed element' found in blood?

Lymphocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.35 - 7.45 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of water in blood plasma?

90% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of formed element in blood?

Plasma proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about red blood cells (RBCs) is correct?

RBCs lack nuclei and other organelles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma protein albumin?

To function as a carrier of other molecules and contribute to osmotic pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the lifespan of formed elements is correct?

Most formed elements survive in the bloodstream for a few days. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the biconcave disc shape of erythrocytes?

It increases the surface area for gas exchange (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do erythrocytes not have mitochondria?

Erythrocytes produce ATP through anaerobic glycolysis, not aerobic respiration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of erythrocytes having a plasma membrane protein called spectrin?

Spectrin allows the erythrocyte to change shape to pass through narrow capillaries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the volume of an erythrocyte is occupied by hemoglobin?

97% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) in the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

To stimulate the formation and maturation of red blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can lead to increased production of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Decreased availability of oxygen (hypoxia) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of erythropoietin (EPO) production in the body?

Kidneys (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does testosterone affect the production of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Testosterone increases the production of EPO (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high oxygen levels or excessive red blood cells in the body on erythropoietin (EPO) production?

High oxygen levels and excessive red blood cells decrease EPO production (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the increased O2-carrying ability of the blood during hypoxic conditions?

Increased RBC count due to enhanced erythropoiesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the primary source of erythropoietin release in response to hypoxia?

Kidney (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main dietary requirement for erythropoiesis, aside from iron?

Amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of the body's iron stored?

In hemoglobin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do old red blood cells become fragile and have their hemoglobin begin to degenerate?

They are anucleate and cannot synthesize new proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which old red blood cells are removed from circulation?

Macrophages in the spleen engulf and break down dying RBCs (C) Signup and view all the answers