32 Questions
What percentage of blood plasma is composed of water by weight?
92%
Which plasma protein plays a critical role in the clotting mechanism and polymerizes as insoluble fibers?
Fibrinogen
What function does blood NOT perform?
Provides structural support to tissues
Which component of blood is present in the highest count per cubic millimeter?
Erythrocytes
Which leukocyte subtype has the lowest typical percentage in blood?
Basophils
What is the main role of complement proteins in the blood?
Inflammation and microorganism destruction
Which process describes the formation of blood cells?
Hemopoiesis
What percentage of plasma proteins by weight do globulins constitute?
37%
Which of the following best describes the density (specific gravity) range of blood in adult males?
1.052 - 1.063
What percentage of blood volume in adults is plasma?
55%
What is the normal pH range of blood?
7.35 - 7.45
What is the viscosity range of normal blood?
3.5 - 5.5 CP
Which of the formed elements is responsible for blood clotting?
Platelets
How does the color of blood vary with oxygenation levels?
Scarlet red when oxygenated, dark red when deoxygenated
What is the approximate blood volume per kilogram of body weight in adult men?
80 mL/kg
What is the osmolarity of blood?
300 mOsm
Which organ is responsible for hematopoiesis in the fetus between 2-7 months?
Liver
At what age range does bone marrow become the primary site of hematopoiesis in fetuses?
5-9 months
Which of the following cell types are derived from the lymphoid stem cell?
B cells
Which of the following is an ancestor cell line derived from the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell?
Nonlymphocytic
Where do lymphoid progenitor cells migrate to proliferate and differentiate?
Spleen
Which of the following components is NOT involved in the adult hematopoietic system?
Liver
What is the main function of primitive, multipotential hematopoietic cells?
Self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell lines
Which of the following is accurate about adult bone marrow hematopoiesis?
It is limited to certain bones such as the vertebrae and proximal ends of the femur.
What is the least dense component of whole blood?
Plasma
Which of the following statements about hematocrit is correct?
Hematocrit measures the percentage of RBCs in the blood.
Which of the following is true about Erythrocytes?
They are not true cells and lack nuclei and organelles.
Which of the following plasma proteins is the most abundant?
Albumin
Which component of blood forms a whitish-gray layer between RBCs and plasma?
Buffy coat
Which of the following cells are complete cells in the blood?
Leukocytes
Which principal plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood?
Albumin
Which of the following statements about blood cells is incorrect?
Most formed elements survive in the bloodstream for many years.
Study Notes
Blood Composition
- Water makes up 92% of blood by weight
- Plasma makes up 7% of blood by weight, consisting of:
- Albumins: 58%
- Globulins: 37%
- Fibrinogen: 4%
- Regulatory Proteins: 1%
- Other solutes make up 1% of blood by weight, including:
- Electrolytes
- Nutrients
- Respiratory gases
- Waste products
Blood Components
- Platelets: 150,000-400,000/mm3
- Leukocytes: 4500-11,000/mm3
- Neutrophils: 54%-62%
- Lymphocytes: 25%-33%
- Monocytes: 3%-7%
- Eosinophils: 1%-3%
- Basophils: 0%-0.75%
- Erythrocytes: 3.5-5.5 million/mm3
Blood Functions
- Provides oxygen to the body's cells and removes carbon dioxide
- Transports nutrients and hormones
- Regulates body temperature and pH
- Protects against blood loss through clotting
- Protects against disease through phagocytic white blood cells and antibodies
- Brings waste products to the kidneys and liver for filtration and cleaning
- Functions as a fluid connective tissue due to its composition of living cells suspended in plasma
Blood Characteristics
- Viscosity: sticky opaque fluid due to the presence of RBCs, with a normal viscosity of 3.5-5.5 CP
- Color: scarlet red when highly oxygenated, dark red when poorly oxygenated
- pH: 7.35-7.45
- Temperature: slightly higher than body temperature, around 38°C
- Blood volume: 4-5 L in adult women, 5-6 L in adult men, with plasma making up 55% of this volume
- Blood constitutes about 8% of total body weight
- Density (specific gravity): 1.052-1.063 in males, 1.050-1.058 in females
- Osmolarity: 300 mOsm or 0.3 Osm, reflecting the concentration of solutes in plasma
- Salinity: 0.85%, reflecting the concentration of NaCl in the blood
Hematopoiesis
- Process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development
- Sites of hematopoiesis:
- Fetus 0-2 months: Yolk sac
- Fetus 2-7 months: Liver, spleen
- Fetus 5-9 months: Bone marrow
- Infants: Bone marrow, practically all bones
- Adults: Vertebrae, ribs, sternum, sacrum, and pelvis, proximal ends of femur
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Ultimately responsible for the continuous daily production of all mature blood cell lineages
- Can be divided into three phases according to cell maturity:
- Primitive, multipotential cells: capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell lines
- Intermediate cells: committed progenitor cells destined to develop into distinct cell lines
- Mature cells: with specific functions
- All blood cells arise from a single major type of pluripotent stem cell in the bone marrow
- The multipotential stem cell is the progenitor of two major ancestral cell lines:
- Lymphocytic
- Nonlymphocytic (myeloid)
This quiz covers the composition of blood, including the percentage of water and plasma, and the different components of blood such as platelets and leukocytes. It also details the percentage of each type of leukocyte.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
