Questions and Answers
What is the additive used in the yellow test tube?
Which test tube color is commonly used for coagulation tests?
What is the additive in the red test tube?
Which additive is found in the green test tube?
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What is the purpose of anticoagulants?
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What is the most common antiseptic used for cleaning a puncture site?
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Which antiseptic is used to prevent contamination of the blood culture sample?
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What can interfere with test results when drawing blood?
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The site from which a specimen is collected is called the ______.
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What should be avoided when drawing blood from an arm with an IV?
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What is the purpose of using a tourniquet in blood collection?
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What equipment is needed for proper capillary puncture?
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What are the components of a multi-sample needle?
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Match the sample collection types to their key requirements:
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What should be used to disinfect a puncture site?
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What is quality control on equipment focused on?
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Study Notes
Test Tube Color Codes
- Yellow: For blood cultures and sterile specimens; contains sodium polyanetholesulfonate as an additive.
- Blue: Used for coagulation tests including PT (Prothrombin Time), PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time), and fibrinogen testing.
- Red: No additive required; suitable for chemistry testing and blood bank testing; can include thixotropic gel for separation.
- Green: Contains sodium heparin or lithium heparin, acting as a natural anticoagulant for routine chemistry testing.
- Lavender: Contains EDTA, which binds calcium to prevent clot formation; primarily used for hematology tests like CBC (Complete Blood Count).
- Gray: Contains sodium fluoride (prevents glycolysis) and potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) for glucose tolerance and lactic acid testing.
- Royal Blue or Tan: Used for nutritional studies, drug monitoring, and toxicology; tan tops contain EDTA for lead testing.
Blood Collection Components
- Anticoagulants: Substances that prevent blood from clotting during testing.
- Clot Activator: Promotes coagulation and is used for serum chemistries, especially for patients on anticoagulants.
- Polymer Gel: Separates plasma and serum during centrifugation.
Antiseptic Use
- Type of Antiseptic: Determined by tests ordered; critical to prevent contamination.
- Isopropyl Alcohol: The most commonly used antiseptic for cleaning puncture sites.
- Iodine: Preferred for blood cultures to avoid contamination from skin flora.
Site Considerations
- Site Selection: Collection site can interfere with test results; care must be taken in selecting appropriate sites.
- Hematomas: Blood drawn from hematomas may yield altered test results due to less fresh blood.
- IV Sites: Avoid drawing blood from arms with IVs when possible; if unavoidable, collect from distal to the IV site.
- Capillary Puncture: Typically performed on the middle or ring finger; index or thumb can also be used, avoiding the pinky.
Specimen Collection Guidelines
- Proper ordering and usage of collection tubes minimize contamination and ensure accurate results.
- Tourniquet Application: Tying too tightly can lead to hemoconcentration, affecting test outcomes.
Needles and Syringes
- Multi-Sample Needle Parts: Consists of bevel, shaft, threaded hub, and rubber sleeve.
- Syringe System Parts: Includes bevel, shaft, hub, graduated barrel, and plunger.
Capillary Equipment
- Tools for Capillary Collection: Items such as gauze, bandages, lancets, and micro collection containers are essential.
- Use of Alcohol: Recommended for disinfecting skin prior to capillary puncture instead of iodine due to potential residue.
Urine Collection Methods
- Midstream Clean-Catch: Requires sterile containers, antiseptic towelettes, and written guidelines for cleansing.
- 24-Hour Urine Sample: Requires appropriate containers, preservatives, ice if needed, and proper labeling.
- Urine Drug Sample Collection: Involves requisition forms, gloves, and temperature strips to ensure sample integrity.
Culture and Swab Collection
- Throat Culture: Collection involves a requisition form, tongue depressor, and sterile swabs.
- Nasopharyngeal Swab: Requires a sterile mini-tip swab and saline transport medium for specimen stability.
Equipment Quality Control
- Regular checks for expiration dates on tubes and needles; maintenance of equipment used in point-of-care testing (POCT).
- Routine cleaning of surfaces and implementation of preventive maintenance on centrifuges to ensure accuracy in testing.
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge of the different blood collection test tube color codes and their respective uses. Learn which additives are present in each tube and the types of tests they are best suited for. Gain a better understanding of blood culture, coagulation tests, and more.