Questions and Answers
How far above the draw site should the tourniquet be placed?
4-6 inches
Briefly explain the area in which to draw a PKU test on an infant.
Heel stick, medial and lateral portions of the plantar surface.
Define neonate.
Relating to the newborn and human infant during the first month after birth.
What do layperson terms mean?
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What way should the bevel be facing when entering the arm?
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What tube contains a preservative and an anticoagulant?
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Who usually draws an arterial blood gas and what are the four things they are checking for in the blood?
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OSHA permits the removal of gloves while putting on a patient's bandage/bandaid.
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What is implied consent?
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What two gloves may be used if latex gloves cause skin allergies for your patient?
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What is another word for a winged infusion set?
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What is QNS defined as?
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What is the creatinine clearance and how must it be stored?
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Is cavicide used to cleanse an area on a patient for venipuncture?
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If you get an accidental needle stick on your finger with a used butterfly needle, what is your next course of action?
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If the sharps container is overflowing when you come onto shift, what is the appropriate response?
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All healthcare workers are required to vaccinate or sign a declination form for which virus?
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What is ETOH?
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What is protective isolation?
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What is informed consent?
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What is the proper way to identify a patient?
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What is LIS?
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Can a patient decline medical treatment?
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What is the correct way to end venipuncture?
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If a person is having a syncope episode, what is the most important thing the phlebotomist needs to do?
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Define syncope.
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Raised, red blotches on the skin after tourniquet placement may be a sign of what? What should you do if you encounter this?
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Define petechiae.
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A group of tests ordered as one is often described as what?
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Name the three layers of the heart.
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If a patient asks what tests their physician ordered, do you have to tell them?
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What is the easiest and most effective way to break the chain of transmission?
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True or false: Eating in the lab is not an OSHA violation.
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What is the most common cause for blood culture contamination?
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List the four types of OSHA compliance inspections.
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Semen must reach the lab in what time frame?
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If you draw a sample for culture and sensitivity, what section of the lab would receive that?
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CBCs should never be?
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List the white blood cells.
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What does an icteric specimen look like?
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What does a lipemia specimen look like?
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What does a hemolyzed specimen look like?
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What kind of consent is required for an underaged minor patient?
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What does OSHA stand for and what do they do?
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What does CLSI stand for and what do they do?
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What is an H. pylori test and what are the steps and process?
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What is the preferred site for venipuncture?
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Which vein is most commonly used for venipuncture?
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Define neutrophils.
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Define lymphocytes.
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Define monocytes.
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Define eosinophils.
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Define basophils.
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Study Notes
Tourniquet and Draw Site
- Place the tourniquet 4-6 inches above the draw site.
- For PKU tests on infants, perform a heel stick at the medial and lateral portions of the plantar surface.
Definitions and Consent
- Neonate refers to a newborn within the first month after birth.
- Layperson terms are words understandable by someone without expertise.
- Implied consent allows procedures based on patient actions rather than verbal or written consent.
- Informed consent is the patient’s voluntary agreement to allow treatment.
Blood Collection Procedures
- The bevel of the needle should be facing up during venipuncture.
- Gray tubes contain preservatives and anticoagulants.
- Ensure proper patient identification using their ID number, name, and birthday.
Healthcare Guidelines
- OSHA prohibits the removal of gloves while putting on a bandage.
- Hepatitis B vaccinations or declination forms are mandatory for healthcare workers.
Handling Blood Samples and Lab Procedures
- An RN, respiratory therapist, or physician usually draws arterial blood gas, checking pH, CO2, oxygen, and bicarbonate levels.
- Proper handling is essential for semen samples, which must reach the lab within 1 hour.
- Blood culture contamination most commonly occurs due to improper site preparation.
Specimen Analysis
- Hemolyzed specimens appear pink or reddish due to phlebotomist error.
- Icteric specimens have a high bilirubin content, showing green or brownish serum.
- Lipemic specimens appear milky white due to high lipid content.
Safety and Compliance
- Emergency protocols: wash needle sticks for 15 minutes and report to a supervisor.
- If sharps containers are overflowing, notify the supervisor immediately.
- Four types of OSHA compliance inspections include complaint, fatality and accident, programmed, and imminent danger.
Blood Components
- White blood cell types include basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes.
- Neutrophils are responsible for engulfing microbes; lymphocytes produce antibodies; monocytes transform into macrophages.
Additional Important Information
- Protective isolation keeps susceptible patients safe from infections.
- The term "QNS" denotes quantity not sufficient.
- Parental consent is required for medical procedures on minors.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) sets laboratory standards and guidelines.
Venipuncture Techniques
- End venipuncture correctly using TTCC (Tourniquet release, Tube removal, Pressure, and Clean up).
- The preferred site for venipuncture is the antecubital fossa, primarily using the median cubital vein.
Miscellaneous
- Proper hand hygiene is the most effective way to break the chain of infection transmission.
- The acronym "ETOH" refers to blood ethanol tests, indicating alcohol levels.
- Panels and profiles signify groups of combined tests, often seen in clinical lab orders.
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Description
This quiz covers essential blood collection procedures, including proper tourniquet placement, definitions of consent, and healthcare guidelines for sample handling. It addresses best practices to ensure patient safety and compliance with health regulations.