Physiology LE 2: RBC

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What is a possible consequence of not producing enough albumin in the blood?

Edema (correct)

Clotting problems

Regulation of body temperature

pH regulation

Where is the synthesis of RBCs mainly located during the middle trimester of embryonic development?

Bone marrow

Liver (correct)

Spleen and lymph nodes

Yolk sac

Where does most of the RBC synthesis occur in infancy?

Pelvis

Vertebra, sternum, and rib

Axial bones

Long bones, tibia and femur (correct)

What is the main function of hemoglobin in RBCs?

O2 transport Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bone marrow cellularity as we age?

It steadily drops Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of RBCs per mL of blood in females?

4.7 million/mL Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of blood?

Transport of gases, nutrients, and hormones Signup and view all the answers

Where is RBC synthesis mainly concentrated in adulthood?

Vertebra, sternum, and rib Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of low albumin levels in the blood?

Edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell?

To give rise to all blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Where is the synthesis of RBCs mainly located during the last month of gestation and onwards?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ability of bone marrow to produce RBCs in the elderly?

It remains the same Signup and view all the answers

In which bones does RBC synthesis eventually decline in adulthood?

Long bones, tibia and femur Signup and view all the answers

What is another function of RBCs besides transporting oxygen?

CO2 transport Signup and view all the answers

What type of stem cells remain in the bone marrow after division?

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of stem cells in the bone marrow needed for RBC synthesis?

Cellularity Signup and view all the answers

What shape are Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?

Biconcave discs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of 2,3-DPG in RBCs?

Reduce O2 affinity of Hgb Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Cl--HCO3- exchanger in RBCs?

Exchange chloride and bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the rapid interconversion of CO2 and HCO3- by carbonic anhydrase?

HCO3- is the main form of CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of RBCs having a large surface-to-volume ratio?

Increases diffusion area Signup and view all the answers

Why do RBCs have a limited lifespan?

Due to their inability to synthesize protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of glutathione in RBCs?

Protects against oxidant damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of RBCs?

7.8 µm Signup and view all the answers

What is the hematocrit?

The proportion of blood that is red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proteins in plasma?

To maintain oncotic pressure and facilitate transport of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of all blood cells?

PHSC Signup and view all the answers

Where do erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets originate from?

Myeloid lineage Signup and view all the answers

What is serum?

Plasma without clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hematopoietic cytokines?

To influence the lineage of PHSC Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of preventing edema?

To prevent water from leaking out of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of anemia caused by faulty red blood cell production?

Megaloblastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most essential regulator of Red Blood Cell production?

Tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the colony-forming-unit-erythroid (CFU-E) stem cell?

Developing into multiple erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers