Biotechnology Quiz on Microbial Applications

Advantages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Protein Production

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a safe and well-characterized organism, making it suitable for large-scale protein production.
• It possesses a high protein expression capacity, enabling high yields of target proteins.
• It has a relatively simple and well-understood genetic system, facilitating genetic manipulation and strain optimization for protein production.

Commercially Significant Microbial Antioxidant Enzyme

• Glucose oxidase is the sole commercial antioxidant enzyme derived from microbial sources for oxygen removal.

Recombinant Rennin in Food Production

• Cheese production utilizes recombinant rennin, a key enzyme in cheesemaking, which is derived from genetically modified organisms.

Definition of Traditional Biotechnology

• Traditional biotechnology encompasses techniques utilizing living organisms for producing goods and services, such as fermentation, cheesemaking, and bread baking.

Primary Purpose of Ice-Minus Bacteria

• Ice-minus bacteria are genetically modified to prevent ice formation, which is beneficial for protecting crops against frost damage.

Characteristics of Modern Biotechnology

• Modern biotechnology applies molecular biology techniques for manipulating organisms and their genetic material, offering significant advancements in various fields.

Microbial Pigment Source

• The red pigment astaxanthin is derived from the microorganism Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.

Key Technique in Traditional Biotechnology

• Fermentation, a process of microbial conversion of organic matter, is a cornerstone of traditional biotechnology.

Goals Achieved Through Traditional Biotechnology

• Traditional biotechnology techniques have enabled innovations in food production, such as brewing beer and making yogurt.

Interdisciplinary Nature of Modern Biotechnology

• Modern biotechnology integrates expertise from diverse disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry, among others.

Advantages of Genetically Engineered Organisms in Medicine

• Genetically engineered organisms allow for targeted and efficient production of therapeutic proteins and drugs, leading to improved treatments for various diseases.

Microbial Role in Industrial Waste Management

• Microbial processes, such as bioremediation, play a crucial role in degrading and removing pollutants from industrial waste.

Microbial Biotechnology

• Microbial biotechnology focuses on the use and modification of microorganisms for industrial and scientific purposes.

Significance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a common yeast species, exhibits versatility in fermentation and is widely used in various industrial processes.

Limitations of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture

• Promoting biodiversity is not a direct application of genetic engineering in agriculture; GE focuses on specific traits for improved yield and disease resistance.

Creating Mutant Bacterial Strains

• Mutagenesis techniques are used to introduce mutations into bacteria, creating diverse strains for molecular studies and research.

Differentiation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Fungi

• Primary metabolites are essential for basic fungal growth and survival, while secondary metabolites often possess specific functions, such as antibiotic production, and are not directly involved in basic metabolism.

Key Feature of Pichia pastoris

• Pichia pastoris, a eukaryotic microorganism, is known for its ability to express and secrete high levels of heterologous proteins, making it valuable for biopharmaceutical production.

Low-Calorie Food Additive

• Xanthan gum, a microbial polysaccharide produced by bacteria, serves as a low-calorie food additive for thickening and stabilizing various food products.

Benefits of Genetic Engineering in Aquaculture

• Genetic engineering in aquaculture aims to enhance traits such as disease resistance and growth rate, contributing to sustainable fish farming.

Role of Marine Microbes in Biotechnology

• Marine microbes are a promising source for novel bioactive compounds with potential application in pharmaceuticals and other industries.

Bacterial DNA Uptake

• Transformation, a process where bacteria acquire DNA from their surroundings, enables genetic material exchange and adaptation to different environments.

Microbial Enzyme for DNA Amplification

• Taq polymerase, a DNA polymerase enzyme from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, is essential for carrying out polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a fundamental technique in molecular biology.

SNUPPY Breakthrough

• SNUPPY, a cloned Afghan hound, marked a significant breakthrough in mammalian cloning technology, demonstrating the potential of nuclear transfer for animal reproduction.

Human Insulin Production through Genetic Engineering

• Escherichia coli bacteria are commonly used to produce human insulin through genetic engineering, addressing the need for safe and effective treatment for diabetes.

Source of Anticancer Molecules in Marine Biomaterials

• Sponges, marine invertebrates, are a rich source of bioactive compounds, including anticancer agents, highlighting their potential for drug discovery.

Test your knowledge on the applications of microbial biotechnology with this engaging quiz. Explore topics such as recombinant rennin, traditional biotechnology definitions, and the advantages of using yeast in protein production. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!