Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA Technology Quiz
60 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

In the process of producing EPO using biotechnology, what is the correct method?

  • Amplify EPO gene by PCR > Clone it into a mammalian expression plasmid > Express it in bacteria host > purification.
  • Amplify EPO gene by PCR > Clone it into a bacterial expression plasmid > Express it in bacteria host > purification. (correct)
  • Amplify EPO cDNA by PCR > Clone it into a mammalian expression plasmid > Express it in mammalian cells culture > purification.
  • Amplify EPO cDNA by PCR > Clone it into a bacterial expression plasmid > Express it in bacteria host > purification.

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of Erythropoietin (EPO)?

  • It is a DNA-based genetic material.
  • It is a small molecule hormone.
  • It is a glycoprotein cytokine. (correct)
  • It is a lipid-based signaling molecule.

    • What is the role of PCR in the production of EPO using biotechnology?

  • Purify EPO from bacterial expression plasmid.
  • Express EPO in bacterial host.
  • Clone EPO into mammalian expression plasmid.
  • Amplify the EPO gene or cDNA. (correct)

    • Why is it important to clone EPO into an expression plasmid in the production process?

    <p>To enable expression of EPO in a host organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of purifying EPO in the production process using biotechnology?

    <p>To obtain a highly concentrated and pure form of EPO.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for expressing EPO in the production process using biotechnology?

    <p>Express it in bacteria host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct method to produce EPO using biotechnology?

    <p>Amplify EPO cDNA by PCR &gt; Clone it into a mammalian expression plasmid &gt; Express it in mammalian cells culture &gt; purification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of transplanting gene-corrected patient-specific iPS cells into the patient’s brain?

    <p>To engraft the nigrostriatal axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What insight into telomerase biology was provided by a study of dyskeratosis congenita?

    <p>High expression level of multiple telomerase components is characteristic of the pluripotent state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of iPS-cell-based disease models highlighted by the different outcomes of studies on dyskeratosis congenita?

    <p>Clonal variation due to technical infidelity of reprogramming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a mutation in the dyskerin gene (DKC1) in dyskeratosis congenita?

    <p>Shortened telomeres and premature senescence in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding of the study on dyskeratosis congenita related to telomerase components and pluripotent state?

    <p>General transcriptional upregulation of multiple telomerase components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates a double-stranded break (DSB) in CRISPR-Cas9 technology?

    <p>The guide sequence paired with the DNA target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of Cas9 facilitates precise gene editing by carrying out strand-specific cleavage?

    <p>HNH and RuvC nuclease domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can DSBs induced by Cas9 be repaired?

    <p>Through the error-prone NHEJ pathway or the precise HDR pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of Cas9 protein labels or chromatin-modifying enzymes?

    <p>Exploited for additional functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of CRISPR-Cas9 in medical contexts?

    <p>Repairing disease-causing mutations in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Cas9 a versatile tool for gene editing in the mammalian genome?

    <p>Ease of customization and redirection toward almost any target of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the process of generating and cloning cDNA?

    <p>RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is utilized for amplifying specific DNA fragments?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology has enabled recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene editing tool involves the use of Cas9, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease?

    <p>CRISPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the Cas9 system facilitate in the mammalian genome?

    <p>Facilitate targeted DNA double-strand breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of the Cas9 system over other genome editing technologies?

    <p>Ease of customization, higher targeting efficiency, and the ability to facilitate multiplex genome editing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is used in catalyzing the formation of phospho-diester bonds in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>DNA ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Isopropyl β-D-1thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in screening recombinant DNA?

    <p>Inducing the expression of genes in the presence of lac operon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Type II restriction endonucleases in creating recombinant DNA?

    <p>Recognizing palindromic sequences and cutting DNA at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of retroviruses in counteracting the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>They use reverse transcription to convert RNA into DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly used in recombinant DNA technology for the production of commercial products?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of small circular DNA, plasmids, in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Passing on antibiotic resistance genes and carrying foreign DNA into bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of biopharmaceuticals?

    <p>Derived from biological sources such as vaccines, antibodies, and insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of insulin in the body?

    <p>To signal insulin responsive tissues to take in glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a biopharmaceutical hormone?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of insulin in biopharmaceutical production?

    <p>Recombinant sources such as genetically modified microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of toxins in biopharmaceuticals?

    <p>They can be utilized as drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bioreactors in biopharmaceutical production?

    <p>They are used for the cultivation of genetically modified microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antibodies in biopharmaceuticals?

    <p>They have specific mechanisms of action and can be utilized as drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor critical for the cleavage of preproinsulin and proinsulin molecules?

    <p>Lysine residue at the junction of the A chain and the C-peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin is characterized by a longer half-life in the body due to specific mutations?

    <p>Glargine (Lantus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic antibody structure has been specifically engineered to reduce immunogenicity?

    <p>Humanized IgG1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate molecular weight of a single-domain antibody (SdAb)?

    <p>12-15 kDa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the production of humanized antibodies?

    <p>Humanization of murine monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism involves antibodies binding to the ligand or receptor expressed on the cell surface to block the target signaling pathway?

    <p>Blockade of target signaling pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Fv binding domain in triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

    <p>Recruit immune-effector cells to the target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the production of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine?

    <p>The hepatitis B surface antigen is produced in yeast using recombinant DNA techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct administration schedule for the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine?

    <p>0, 1, 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential application of the inactivated influenza virus vaccine?

    <p>Prevention of influenza infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)?

    <p>Promotes lipolytic (fat burn) activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of production for Erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>Produced in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the production of ZMAPP, where are the monoclonal antibodies used for treatment of Ebola virus infection produced?

    <p>Transgenic tobacco plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of insulin?

    <p>Regulation of blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of toxins as drugs?

    <p>Treatment of specific medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method of administration for the inactivated influenza virus vaccine?

    <p>Depends on formulation (IM, or SubQ, or nasal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and vascular leakage?

    <p>Bevacizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biotechnology drugs is related to the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration?

    <p>Bevacizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) – (Equine)?

    <p>It counteracts the effects of botulinum toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of HBAT (Botulinum Antitoxin Heptavalent) in the treatment of botulism?

    <p>Reduces the severity and progression of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) – (Equine)?

    <p>Neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Bevacizumab in the treatment of specific conditions?

    <p>Neutralizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of H-BAT (Botulinum Antitoxin Heptavalent) in the treatment of botulism?

    <p>Neutralizes unbound botulinum neurotoxin in the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA Technology

    • Biotechnology has a history of over 8000 years and involves the manipulation of living organisms to produce commercial products.
    • DNA consists of purines (A & G) and pyrimidines (T and C) and encodes proteins in a degenerate triplet code.
    • The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, but retroviruses counter this process through reverse transcription.
    • Recombinant DNA technology involves the joining of DNA from different sources using tools like restriction endonucleases, plasmid DNA, DNA modifying enzymes, reverse transcriptase, E. coli, and various viruses.
    • Type II restriction endonucleases recognize palindromic sequences and are used in creating recombinant DNA.
    • Plasmid DNA, small circular DNA found in bacteria, is used in recombinant DNA technology for passing on antibiotic resistance genes and can be synthetic.
    • Synthetic bacterial plasmid DNA includes genes like bla(ApR) for antibiotic resistance and lacZ for screening recombinant DNA.
    • Screening of recombinant DNA uses compounds like Isopropyl β-D-1thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (xgal).
    • Mammalian plasmids like Pcmv and virus vectors, such as lentivirus, are used to deliver recombinant DNA into mammalian cells.
    • DNA modifying enzymes like DNA ligase are used in catalyzing the formation of phospho-diester bonds.
    • Recombinant DNA technology involves various reagents and techniques for creating new DNA segments that do not naturally exist in the genome.
    • The process of creating recombinant DNA involves the use of different tools and techniques to manipulate DNA for various applications.

    Biotechnology Drugs and Antisera Summary

    • Adalimumab (Humira®) and Etanercept (Enbrel) both block tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and are useful for rheumatic disorders, plaque psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and psoriatic arthritis.
    • Infliximab (Inflectra; Remicade; Renflexis) is a chimeric antibody that neutralizes TNF-alpha and is administered through infusion. It is also used for rheumatic disorders and associated conditions.
    • Bevacizumab and ranibizumab are biotechnology drugs that neutralize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and are used for macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and vascular leakage.
    • Bevacizumab is used to neutralize VEGF, which is associated with disrupted regulation of angiogenesis in conditions like age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
    • Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab are related in their use for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
    • Antisera are biopharmaceuticals produced in living organisms, containing antibodies against specific antigens, and are used to treat or protect against specific diseases such as botulism and snake or scorpion bites.
    • Botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum, can be treated using Botulinum Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) – (Equine) to counteract the effects of botulinum toxin.
    • Botulinum toxin is a concoction of 7 polypeptides targeting different SNARE proteins involved in the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.
    • SNARE proteins are involved in the release of neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions and are the target of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) – (Equine).
    • The mechanism of action of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) – (Equine) is through passive immunization with equine polyclonal antibody fragments, reducing the severity and progression of symptoms by neutralizing unbound botulinum neurotoxin in the circulation.
    • HBAT, produced by Cangene Corporation, binds to free toxins in the synaptic cleft, reducing the severity and progression of symptoms, but does not have an effect on toxins that have already entered the cells.
    • H-BAT does not reverse paralysis in botulism patients but instead reduces the severity and progression of symptoms by neutralizing unbound botulinum neurotoxin in the circulation.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Biotechnology Drugs-1 PDF Fall 2023
    Biotechnology Drugs-2 PDF Fall 2023

    Description

    Test your knowledge of biotechnology and recombinant DNA technology with this quiz. Explore the history of biotechnology, the structure and function of DNA, the central dogma of molecular biology, and the tools and techniques used in recombinant DNA technology. Dive into topics like restriction endonucleases, plasmid DNA, DNA modifying enzymes, and the creation of synthetic DNA segments.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser