Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
What is formed when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction?
Which of the following is considered a monosaccharide?
Which macromolecule is comprised of nucleotides?
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Which of the following best describes polysaccharides?
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What is the primary characteristic that differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds?
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Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?
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How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom typically form?
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What characterizes anabolic reactions in metabolism?
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Which of the following best describes a polymer?
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Which process involves breaking down biomolecules to release energy?
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Which reaction type includes using sunlight to create glucose?
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What is formed when monomers bond together?
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What process is involved in the formation of disaccharides from monosaccharides?
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Which disaccharide is formed from glucose and fructose?
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Which of the following is a primary function of polysaccharides?
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What role do lipids play in the body?
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Which of the following fatty acids contains only single bonds in its chain?
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What is the main polysaccharide stored in the human body?
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What is the main component of triglycerides?
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Which of the following contains cellulose?
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Maltose is commonly derived from which source?
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Which of the following is a feature of unsaturated fats?
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What type of carbohydrate provides dietary fiber?
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Which type of lipid is essential for the structure of the cell membrane?
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What is a common characteristic of saturated fats?
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Which of the following is not classified as a monosaccharide?
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Which of the following statements about steroids is true?
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What type of fats are commonly liquid at room temperature?
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What effect does hardened cholesterol have on blood flow?
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Which type of lipoprotein is known as 'good cholesterol'?
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What is a primary role of testosterone in the body?
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Which of the following correctly describes Low-Density Lipoprotein?
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What is a consequence of excess sugars in the body?
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What is 'atherosclerosis'?
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Which of these hormones is not an adrenocorticoid hormone?
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What is the primary function of waxes as lipids?
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Study Notes
Organic vs Inorganic Compounds
- Organic compounds contain carbon, while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
- Organic compounds often have carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
- Examples of inorganic compounds: Salt (NaCl), Water (H2O), Muriatic Acid (HCl).
- Examples of organic compounds: Sugar (C6H12O6), Linoleic Acid (C18H32O2), DNA, Alanine (C3H7NO2).
Importance of Carbon
- Carbon can bond with multiple elements due to its four valence electrons.
- This versatility allows formation of various complex molecules.
Biomolecules Overview
- Four major biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids.
- Biomolecules can be polymers made of repeating monomers.
Metabolism
- Metabolism consists of chemical reactions converting food into energy.
- Catabolism: Breaks down biomolecules to release energy; involves breakdown of polymers into monomers.
- Anabolism: Uses simple molecules to synthesize complex products; requires energy input.
The Four Major Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides are the building blocks; they provide energy storage.
- Proteins: Composed of amino acids, serving as the body's building blocks.
- Lipids: Made of fatty acids and glycerol; they store long-term energy.
- Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides carry genetic information.
Carbohydrates
- Most abundant organic compounds, crucial for energy.
- Composed of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.
- Monomer: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
- Polymer: Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen).
- Found in foods like fruits, bread, and vegetables.
Types of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars like Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.
- Disaccharides: Composed of two monosaccharides (e.g., Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose).
- Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen).
Lipids
- Composed mainly of hydrocarbon chains.
- Function in long-term energy storage and form cell membranes.
- Elements: C, H, O; not necessarily polymers.
- Examples: Oils, steroids, phospholipids.
Fatty Acids
- Saturated Fats: Single bonds, solid at room temperature, found in animal fats.
- Unsaturated Fats: One or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature, typically from plants.
Types of Lipids
- Triglycerides: Main energy source with three fatty acids attached to glycerol.
- Phospholipids: Key component of cell membranes.
- Steroids: Characterized by four fused carbon rings, essential for various biological functions (e.g., Cholesterol).
Health Implications
- High intake of saturated fats can lead to circulatory issues, such as heart disease.
- Balance fat consumption; excess sugars can convert to fats when inactive.
Hormones
- Testosterone: Develops male characteristics.
- Estrogen and Progesterone: Regulate female reproductive processes.
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Description
Discover the fundamental differences between organic and inorganic compounds in this quiz on biomolecules. Test your knowledge on various examples, including salts, acids, and sugars, and understand their classifications based on carbon content. Enhance your grasp of energy flow in cells through the study of these essential compounds.
