BIOMOLECULES: Organic vs Inorganic Compounds

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Repair of tissues

Transport of genetic information

Structure of cell membranes

Storage form of energy (correct)

What is formed when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction?

Polysaccharide

Nucleic acid

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide (correct)

Which of the following is considered a monosaccharide?

Cellulose

Glycogen

Maltose

Fructose (correct)

Which macromolecule is comprised of nucleotides?

Nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes polysaccharides?

Large molecules made of multiple monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds?

Organic compounds contain carbon. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

Water (H2O) Signup and view all the answers

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom typically form?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes anabolic reactions in metabolism?

They require energy to synthesize complex molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a polymer?

A long molecule made of identical monomers. Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves breaking down biomolecules to release energy?

Catabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction type includes using sunlight to create glucose?

Anabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when monomers bond together?

Polymers Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in the formation of disaccharides from monosaccharides?

Dehydration synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is formed from glucose and fructose?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of polysaccharides?

Provide energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What role do lipids play in the body?

Insulation and long-term energy storage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fatty acids contains only single bonds in its chain?

Saturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the main polysaccharide stored in the human body?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of triglycerides?

Glycerol and three fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contains cellulose?

Plant cell walls Signup and view all the answers

Maltose is commonly derived from which source?

Germinated barley Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of unsaturated fats?

Contains one or more double bonds Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate provides dietary fiber?

Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is essential for the structure of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of saturated fats?

Solid in nature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not classified as a monosaccharide?

Maltose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about steroids is true?

They help regulate various biological processes Signup and view all the answers

What type of fats are commonly liquid at room temperature?

Unsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hardened cholesterol have on blood flow?

It can block or hamper blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipoprotein is known as 'good cholesterol'?

High-Density Lipoprotein Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of testosterone in the body?

Development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes Low-Density Lipoprotein?

It is harmful and associated with high cholesterol levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of excess sugars in the body?

They can be transformed into fats. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'atherosclerosis'?

A disease characterized by plaque build-up in arteries. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these hormones is not an adrenocorticoid hormone?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of waxes as lipids?

Waterproofing and protection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic vs Inorganic Compounds

Organic compounds contain carbon, while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
Organic compounds often have carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
Examples of inorganic compounds: Salt (NaCl), Water (H2O), Muriatic Acid (HCl).
Examples of organic compounds: Sugar (C6H12O6), Linoleic Acid (C18H32O2), DNA, Alanine (C3H7NO2).

Importance of Carbon

Carbon can bond with multiple elements due to its four valence electrons.
This versatility allows formation of various complex molecules.

Biomolecules Overview

Four major biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids.
Biomolecules can be polymers made of repeating monomers.

Metabolism

Metabolism consists of chemical reactions converting food into energy.
Catabolism: Breaks down biomolecules to release energy; involves breakdown of polymers into monomers.
Anabolism: Uses simple molecules to synthesize complex products; requires energy input.

The Four Major Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides are the building blocks; they provide energy storage.
Proteins: Composed of amino acids, serving as the body's building blocks.
Lipids: Made of fatty acids and glycerol; they store long-term energy.
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides carry genetic information.

Carbohydrates

Most abundant organic compounds, crucial for energy.
Composed of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Monomer: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
Polymer: Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen).
Found in foods like fruits, bread, and vegetables.

Types of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides: Simple sugars like Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.
Disaccharides: Composed of two monosaccharides (e.g., Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose).
Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen).

Lipids

Composed mainly of hydrocarbon chains.
Function in long-term energy storage and form cell membranes.
Elements: C, H, O; not necessarily polymers.
Examples: Oils, steroids, phospholipids.

Fatty Acids

Saturated Fats: Single bonds, solid at room temperature, found in animal fats.
Unsaturated Fats: One or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature, typically from plants.

Types of Lipids

Triglycerides: Main energy source with three fatty acids attached to glycerol.
Phospholipids: Key component of cell membranes.
Steroids: Characterized by four fused carbon rings, essential for various biological functions (e.g., Cholesterol).

Health Implications

High intake of saturated fats can lead to circulatory issues, such as heart disease.
Balance fat consumption; excess sugars can convert to fats when inactive.

Hormones

Testosterone: Develops male characteristics.
Estrogen and Progesterone: Regulate female reproductive processes.

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Description

Discover the fundamental differences between organic and inorganic compounds in this quiz on biomolecules. Test your knowledge on various examples, including salts, acids, and sugars, and understand their classifications based on carbon content. Enhance your grasp of energy flow in cells through the study of these essential compounds.