Biomolecules in Zoology Quiz

Questions and Answers

What are carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are organic molecules that serve as a primary energy source for the body, composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.

What are the major functions of carbohydrates?

The major functions of carbohydrates include serving as a primary energy source and providing structural support in cells.

What is a simple carbohydrate?

A simple carbohydrate is the basic type of carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar unit, known as a monosaccharide.

What is a complex carbohydrate?

A complex carbohydrate is made up of multiple sugar units (monosaccharides) that are bound together, serving as an important energy source. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between complex and simple carbohydrates?

Simple carbohydrates consist of one or two sugar units, while complex carbohydrates are made up of three or more sugar units bound together. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of simple carbohydrates?

Examples of simple carbohydrates include glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipids?

Lipids function to store energy, insulate the body, and make up cell membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What elements compose lipids?

Lipids are primarily composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers of lipids?

The monomers of lipids are glycerol and three fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

Proteins are molecules that perform various functions, including transporting molecules in and out of cells, controlling chemical reactions, and aiding in growth and repair. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of proteins?

The monomer of proteins is amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids are macromolecules that provide genetic information and hold the instructions to make proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

The monomer of nucleic acids is a nucleotide. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids provide genetic information and direct the synthesis of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Significance of Biomolecules in Zoology

Foundation of life; biomolecules serve as building blocks for organisms.
Contribute to genetic diversity through DNA and evolution mechanisms.
Involved in metabolic processes, acting as enzymes and energy sources.
Play a role in adaptation and evolution in response to environmental changes.
Provide health insights related to diseases and overall health management.
Offer clues for conservation strategies beneficial for various species.

Learning Objectives

Understand different types of biomolecules.
Explore the various functions of biomolecules.
Comprehend the structures of biomolecules and their significance in zoology.

Carbohydrates

Most common organic molecules, primarily serving as energy sources.
Comprised of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Monomer: Glucose, the simplest form of carbohydrate.
Polymers include polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.

Lipids

Functions include energy storage, insulation, and forming cell membranes.
Composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
Monomer: Glycerol combined with three fatty acids.
Significant polymers are phospholipids and triglycerides.

Proteins

Serve multiple functions: transport molecules, regulate chemical reactions, growth, and repair.
Essential structural components of living organisms, forming hair, nails, skin, bones, and muscle.
Composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S).
Monomer: 20 different amino acids; polymers form polypeptides.
Examples include enzymes, hemoglobin, albumin, and antibodies.

Nucleic Acids

Provide genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis.
Composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P).
Monomer: Nucleotides, which consist of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C).
Main polymers are DNA and RNA.

Types of Carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates: Basic carbs; consist of single sugar units (monosaccharides) found in natural sugars.
Complex Carbohydrates: Important energy sources consisting of multiple monosaccharides; include oligosaccharides (2-10 sugar units).

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Monosaccharides: Cannot be hydrolyzed further; classified as aldoses (with an aldehyde group) or ketoses (with a keto group).
Examples: Glucose and fructose; glucose can be derived from sources like sucrose and starch.
Disaccharides: Formed from two monosaccharides via glycosidic linkages; include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Polysaccharides

Composed of long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds; serve primarily as food storage.
Starch: Main storage polysaccharide in plants, consists of amylose and amylopectin components.
Cellulose: Found in plant cell walls, composed of β-D-glucose units.
Glycogen: Principal carbohydrate storage form in higher animals found in liver and muscles; also present in some microorganisms.

Lipid Properties

Lipids are characterized as oily or greasy, nonpolar substances essential for biological functions.

Description

This quiz explores the significance of biomolecules in the field of zoology, covering topics like genetic diversity, metabolic processes, and their role in adaptation and evolution. It will test your understanding of how DNA and other biomolecules contribute to life and health insights in various species.