Questions and Answers
Which of these are types of biomolecules? (Select all that apply)
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Describe the shape of nucleic acids.
DNA is a double helix ladder, and RNA is a single helix ladder.
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
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Where are nucleic acids found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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What atoms make up nucleic acids?
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What are the building blocks of proteins?
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What is the structure of proteins?
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What is the primary function of proteins?
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Where are proteins made?
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What atoms make up proteins?
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What are the building blocks of lipids?
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Describe the structure of lipids.
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What is the function of lipids?
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What is the connection of lipids to cell parts?
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What atoms make up lipids?
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What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
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Describe the structure of carbohydrates.
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
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Where are carbohydrates made?
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Study Notes
Biomolecules Overview
- Biomolecules include four major types: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Nucleic Acids
- Building blocks are nucleotides.
- Structurally, DNA forms a double helix while RNA is a single helix.
- Functions include storing and transmitting genetic information (DNA) and aiding in protein synthesis (RNA).
- In eukaryotic cells, nucleic acids are found within the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, they float freely in the cytoplasm.
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHONPS).
Proteins
- Building blocks are amino acids.
- Proteins exhibit various three-dimensional shapes essential for their functionality.
- Primary functions include providing structural support for cells and acting as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions.
- Synthesized in ribosomes, they also form channels in the cell membrane and function as enzymes.
- Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHONS).
Lipids
- Building blocks are fatty acids.
- Structurally characterized by a backbone of glycerol linked to three fatty acid molecules, forming triglycerides.
- Major function includes providing structural integrity to cell membranes.
- Integral part of the cell membrane, contributing to its fluidity and barrier functions.
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO).
Carbohydrates
- Building blocks are simple sugars, primarily glucose.
- Often represented structurally as pentagon or hexagon shapes.
- Serve as a quick source of energy and form the basis of all food, which is essential for mitochondrial processes.
- Manufactured in chloroplasts in plants, linking them to photosynthesis and energy production.
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Description
Explore essential biomolecules through interactive flashcards. This quiz covers the definitions, building blocks, shapes, and functions of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Perfect for biology students seeking to reinforce their understanding of these vital compounds.
