Biomolecules Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What biomolecule serves as the monomer for nucleic acids?

Nucleotide

What elements does the biomolecule nucleic acids contain?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP)

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

To store information

What biomolecule primarily makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

<p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers of proteins linked by?

<p>Strong peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of biomolecule are steroids?

<p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule provides quick available energy in both plants and animals?

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the DNA molecule contains information?

<p>The bases (the 'rungs of the ladder')</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements make up nucleic acids?

<p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA can leave the nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base pairs are paired correctly?

<p>A-T, C-G</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleic acids?

<p>To hold information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

<p>5 carbon sugar, phosphate, base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What holds all the instructions for making all of the proteins in a cell?

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is RNA?

<p>A copy of the instructions for how to make one protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA has the same base letters as DNA (A, C, T, and G).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In animals like whales and seals, lipids provide...

<p>Insulation and energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a type of lipid?

<p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lipids are considered what?

<p>Hydrophobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a phospholipid?

<p>Makes up the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of steroids?

<p>Communication between cells in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of this group of lipids?

<p>Makes up cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements make up lipids?

<p>Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many fatty acid tails do phospholipids have?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

<p>The phosphate head (Glycerol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

<p>The fatty acid tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elements in protein are ____.

<p>CHNO</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do proteins do in the body?

<p>Do work</p> Signup and view all the answers

A protein's job is based on...

<p>Its shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

<p>To carry oxygen in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of insulin?

<p>To help regulate blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enzymes?

<p>To speed up the rate of chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

The monomer of protein is ______.

<p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bond links amino acids together?

<p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a protein food?

<p>Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

ALL of the following are examples of proteins EXCEPT...

<p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a monosaccharide, not a polysaccharide?

<p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrate is stored in the liver and muscles of animals?

<p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the carbohydrate 'starch'?

<p>Storage of energy for plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the carbohydrate 'glucose' when we eat it?

<p>It is burned for energy in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organisms can make glucose?

<p>Poison ivy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall of every plant cell is made up of this type of carbohydrate.

<p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two molecules do plants use to make carbohydrates?

<p>H2O and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The monomer of this biomolecule is glucose.

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The monomer of this biomolecule is an amino acid.

<p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

This biomolecule has the elements CHON.

<p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Autotrophs make this biomolecule in the process of photosynthesis.

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

This biomolecule has 20 different kinds of its monomer that have side chains which can either be polar, non-polar, positively charged or negatively charged.

<p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bread, pasta, and fruit mostly contain this biomolecule.

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meat, beans, and nuts mostly contain this biomolecule.

<p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

<p>Polymers are made up of many monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A steroid is what kind of biomolecule?

<p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of biomolecule is non-polar and insoluble in water?

<p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Starch, which is stored in roots and seeds, is what kind of biomolecule?

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA and RNA are examples of which biomolecule?

<p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellulose, which makes up wood, is what kind of biomolecule?

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

This biomolecule provides quick available energy through cellular respiration.

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of biomolecule is this?

<p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

The polymer of carbohydrates is called?

<p>Polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

The polymer of proteins is called?

<p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lactase in a(n) _______________________ that breaks down milk sugar.

<p>Enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a monomer of lipids?

<p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA molecules, Adenine will always pair with:

<p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA molecules, Guanine will always pair with?

<p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In RNA molecules, Adenine will always pair with?

<p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two classes of biomolecules function in energy storage?

<p>Carbohydrates and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrates is true?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of proteins in cells?

<p>Cellular metabolism regulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the items below is NOT a function of lipids in animals?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleic Acid Monomer

A nucleotide.

Nucleic Acid Components

Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

DNA Base Pairs

Adenine-Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine-Guanine (C-G).

DNA Function

Storing genetic information for protein synthesis.

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RNA Function

Copies DNA instructions for protein creation.

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Lipid Monomer

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

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Lipid Composition

Mostly Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

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Lipid Function

Cell membrane structure, energy storage, cell communication.

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Phospholipid Structure

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

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Protein Monomer

Amino acid.

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Protein Components

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON).

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Protein Functions

Catalyzing reactions (enzymes), transporting (hemoglobin), regulating (insulin).

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Protein Structure

Sequence and arrangement of amino acids determine structure.

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Amino Acid Variety

20 different amino acids; polar, non-polar, charged.

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Carbohydrate Function

Quick energy source for plants and animals.

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Carbohydrate Monomer

Monosaccharides like glucose.

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Carbohydrate Polymers

Starch (plants), glycogen (animals), cellulose (structural).

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Photosynthesis Carbohydrates

Plants use water and CO2 to synthesize carbohydrates.

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Biomolecule Role

Essential for energy storage, structure, and genetic information.

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Polymer Definition

Large molecule formed from many monomers.

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Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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Study Notes

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic acids are polymers made from monomers called nucleotides.
  • Composed of elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (CHONP).
  • Function is to store and transmit genetic information.
  • DNA is a type of nucleic acid that contains all instructions for protein synthesis.
  • Structure includes a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • Base pairs in DNA include Adenine-Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine-Guanine (C-G).
  • RNA serves as a copy of instructions for making a single protein.

Lipids

  • Lipids primarily compose cell membranes, forming a barrier that regulates the passage of substances.
  • Consist of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
  • Steroids are classified as a type of lipid and function in cell communication.
  • Lipids are hydrophobic, meaning they do not mix with water, and provide energy storage.
  • Elements present in lipids include Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
  • Phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.

Proteins

  • Proteins are made of amino acids linked through peptide bonds.
  • Composed of elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON).
  • Serve numerous functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), transporting oxygen (Hemoglobin), and regulating blood sugar (insulin).
  • Protein structure is determined by the sequence and arrangement of amino acids.
  • There are 20 different amino acids, each with unique side chains which can be polar, non-polar, or charged.

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are key sources of quick energy for both plants and animals, with glucose being a primary energy carrier.
  • Polysaccharides such as starch (energy storage in plants) and glycogen (energy storage in animals) are forms of carbohydrates.
  • Cellulose, a structural carbohydrate, makes up the plant cell wall.
  • Carbohydrates are synthesized by plants during photosynthesis using H2O and CO2.
  • Monosaccharides like glucose serve as monomers for carbohydrates, while polymers include starch and glycogen.

General Biomolecule Information

  • Polymers are formed from the linking of numerous monomers.
  • Different biomolecules serve distinct essential roles in biological systems, including energy storage, structural integrity, and genetic information storage.

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Description

Test your knowledge about biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. This quiz focuses on their definitions, elements, and functions. Perfect for biology students looking to review key concepts in biomolecular science.

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