Biomolecules and Their Types

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Questions and Answers

Which monosaccharide is classified as the simplest carbohydrate?

Glycogen

Fructose (correct)

Sucrose

Maltose

What is the primary function of lipids in biological systems?

DNA replication

Carbohydrate digestion

Energy storage (correct)

Protein synthesis

Which statement correctly describes saturated fatty acids?

They contain one or more double bonds.

They are liquid at room temperature.

They are found in plant oils.

They predominantly have single bonds. (correct)

What distinguishes unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids?

They include one or more double bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is characterized by having three to ten monosaccharides?

Oligosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

Enzyme catalysis Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is a polymer of α-D-glucose units and serves as the principal food reserve in plants?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature differentiates glycogen from starch?

Glycogen has α(1→6) branch points. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of mineralocorticoids in the body?

Controls the balance of Na+ and K+ ions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is primarily involved in the regulation of pregnancy?

Progestins Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of lipids?

Transport of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes steroid hormones from other types of hormones?

They are derived from lipids. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about proteins is true?

There are 20 common amino acids in proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of receptors in proteins?

Receptors receive chemical signals from the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural component of biological membranes?

Phospholipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is known for its role in oxygen transport?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which monosaccharide is classified as an aldose?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest form of carbohydrates and also their monomer?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a ketose from an aldose?

Ketoses contain a ketone group. Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are in a pentose monosaccharide?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of polysaccharides?

They are typically insoluble in water. Signup and view all the answers

What role do carbohydrates play as a component of nucleic acids?

They form part of the nucleic acid backbone. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about oligosaccharides is true?

They are soluble in water. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Simplest Carbohydrate: Glucose is classified as the simplest carbohydrate.
Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of three to ten monosaccharides.
Starch: Starch is a polymer of α-D-glucose units serving as the primary food reserve in plants.
Glycogen: Glycogen, another polymer of glucose like starch, is the principal storage form of glucose in animals.
Nucleic Acids: Carbohydrates play a role in nucleic acids.
Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, also serving as their monomers.

Lipids

Primary Function: Lipids play a crucial role in energy storage.
Saturated fatty acids: Saturated fatty acids are characterized by having single bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated fatty acids: Unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids by having at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
Steroid hormones: Steroid hormones are distinguished from other types of hormones by their structure, which includes four fused rings.
Lipid functions: Lipids do not function in regulating blood glucose levels.

Proteins

Structural component of membranes: Phospholipids are the primary components of biological membranes.
Receptors: Receptors in proteins are responsible for recognizing and binding to specific molecules.
Oxygen Transport: Hemoglobin is a protein known for its role in oxygen transport.

Hormones

Mineralocorticoids: Mineralocorticoids play a crucial role in regulating electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium.
Pregnancy: Pregnancy is primarily regulated by estrogen hormones.

Monosaccharides

Aldose: Glucose, an aldose, has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain.
Ketose: Fructose, a ketose, has a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.
Pentose: Pentose monosaccharides contain five carbon atoms.

Disaccharides

Disaccharide: Sucrose, a disaccharide, is composed of glucose and fructose.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides are characterized by their large size and complex structure, often composed of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides.

Oligosaccharides

Oligosaccharides: Oligosaccharides often serve as recognition sites in cell-cell interactions.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of biomolecules, which are the basic building blocks of life. This quiz covers types of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and lipids, along with their roles in growth and maintenance. Test your knowledge on the classifications and importance of these organic compounds.