Questions and Answers
What are biomolecules?
What is the chemical formula representation of carbohydrates?
C(H2O)N
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars composed of a single unit.
What is the formula for glucose?
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What two monosaccharides form sucrose?
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What are polysaccharides?
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Where is glycogen found?
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What is starch used for?
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Humans can digest cellulose.
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What are lipids primarily composed of?
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What does amphipathic mean?
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Study Notes
Biomolecules
- Molecules synthesized by living organisms containing carbon atoms.
- Other essential elements include oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N).
- Four common types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides.
Carbohydrates
- Organic compounds with the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as 1:2:1 (C(H2O)N).
- Composed of multiple hydroxyl groups, making them polar and water-soluble.
- Major groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides
- Simple sugars consisting of a single unit.
- Common examples: glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Glucose
- A crucial source of cellular energy.
- Chemical formula: C6H12O6.
Disaccharides
- Formed by the covalent bonding of two monosaccharides.
- Examples:
- Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
- Galactose + Fructose = Lactose
Polysaccharides
- Carbohydrates created through the covalent bonding of multiple monosaccharides.
- Examples include glycogen, starch, and cellulose.
Glycogen
- A polymer made of glucose subunits found in animal cells.
- Allow cells to store glucose for later energy needs.
Starch
- A polysaccharide primarily found in plants.
- Digested by humans, providing glucose subunits as energy sources.
Cellulose
- A polysaccharide present in plants that humans consume but cannot digest.
- Known as dietary fiber, it passes through the gastrointestinal system undigested.
Lipids
- A diverse group of biomolecules mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by non-polar covalent bonds.
- Some may contain oxygen and phosphates, depending on structure; can have polar regions.
- Examples: triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, and steroids.
Amphipathic
- Molecules with both polar ("water-loving") and non-polar ("water-hating") ends.
- Facilitate interaction between polar and nonpolar molecules.
- Characteristic of detergents and phospholipid molecules in cell membranes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biomolecules, focusing on carbohydrates, their types, and structures. This quiz covers monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, emphasizing their chemical compositions and functions in living organisms.
