Biomolecules and Metabolic Pathways

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What is the primary purpose of the reactions in Stage III of digestion?

To convert chemical energy in foods to ATP molecules

What type of reactions require energy and are involved in the synthesis of biomolecules?

Anabolic reactions

What is the result of the hydrolysis of ATP in water?

The transfer of a phosphoryl group (—PO32–) from ATP to water, resulting in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

What is the sequence of reactions used to produce one product or accomplish one process called?

A metabolic pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the net charge of the ATP molecule complexed with Mg2+ in a 1:1 ratio?

-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the breakdown of large, complex molecules into simpler ones in Stage I of digestion?

To prepare them for further breakdown in Stage II Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate source of energy used in all biological processes?

The sun Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy-rich compound produced during cellular respiration?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which plants and animals combine energy-rich compounds with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O and release energy?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which plants convert CO2 and H2O into glucose, and then into starch, triglycerides, and other storage forms of energy?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of metabolic reactions that involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds, releasing energy?

Catabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sum of all reactions involved in maintaining a living cell?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy change (ΔG) associated with the hydrolysis of ATP in water?

-7.3 kcal/mol Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration?

They are cellular power stations where reactions of the common catabolic pathway occur. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Coenzyme A (CoA) in metabolic pathways?

It transfers acyl groups via a thioester bond. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ATP-ADP cycle's role in cellular respiration?

It plays a central role in linking energy production with energy utilization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between ΔG° and ΔG°'?

ΔG° is measured under standard conditions, while ΔG°' is measured at body conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PPi in the hydrolysis of ATP?

It is an intermediate product in the hydrolysis of ATP, releasing energy. Signup and view all the answers