Biomolecules and Experiments Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of dependent variables in an experiment?

  • They vary in response to changes in independent variables. (correct)
  • They serve as constants throughout the experiment.
  • They are not measurable.
  • They are manipulated to test their effects.

    • Which of the following biomolecules is primarily composed of fatty acids?

  • Lipids (correct)
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Proteins

    • What distinguishes HDL from LDL in terms of cholesterol transport?

  • LDL deposits cholesterol in arteries. (correct)
  • HDL deposits cholesterol in blood.
  • HDL is responsible for cholesterol transport to cells.
  • LDL removes cholesterol from arteries.

    • Which element is NOT a key component of carbon-based biomolecules?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biomolecule provides fast energy and is composed of monosaccharides?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions?

    <p>They act as protein catalysts that speed up reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the energy flow between trophic levels is correct?

    <p>90% of energy is lost through processes like heat and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of habitat and niche, what does a niche refer to?

    <p>The specific role an organism plays within its ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Water and carbon dioxide are converted into oxygen and glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ecological footprint?

    <p>The total ecosystem resources needed by a human population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of deforestation on the carbon cycle?

    <p>It decreases carbon absorption due to fewer trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes mutualism?

    <p>Both organisms benefit from the relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do autotrophs acquire energy?

    <p>By capturing energy from non-living sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of living things?

    <p>Contain RNA exclusively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes parasitism?

    <p>One organism benefits at the expense of the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Variables in Scientific Experiments

    • Dependent Variable: Data that changes in response to the independent variable. (Quantitative or qualitative)
    • Independent Variable: Variable being tested or manipulated.
    • Controlled Variable: Kept constant throughout the experiment to isolate the effect of the independent variable.

    Biomolecules

    • Basic Components: Carbon-based molecules crucial for life's functions. Include Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.
    • Monomers: Building blocks of larger biomolecules

    Types of Biomolecules

    Carbohydrates

    • Composed of monosaccharides (single sugars).
    • Primary source of quick energy.
    • Examples: Bread, pasta.

    Lipids

    • Composed of fatty acids.
    • Long-term energy storage.
    • Crucial for cell membranes and insulation in organisms.
    • Types:
      • LDL (low-density lipoprotein): Deposits cholesterol in the bloodstream.
      • HDL (high-density lipoprotein): Removes cholesterol from arteries.
      • Triglycerides: Various forms of fats.

    Proteins

    • Composed of amino acids.
    • Diverse functions: Building muscle, forming antibodies, acting as enzymes.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Composed of nucleotides.
    • Include DNA and RNA.
    • Carry genetic information.

    Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

    • Chemical Reactions: Involve changes in atomic bonds. Reactants are transformed into products.
    • Energy Considerations: Some reactions release energy; others need energy input.
    • Enzymes: Protein catalysts, speeding up biological reactions.
      • Active sites: Specific binding areas for substrates.
      • Influence of temperature and pH: Enzymes function optimally within specific ranges.
      • Form enzyme-substrate complexes: Temporary bonds facilitating reaction.
      • Crucial for biological processes.

    Characteristics of Living Things

    • Cellular Structure: Composed of cells.
    • Reproduction: Sexual or asexual.
    • Heredity: Contain DNA.
    • Growth and Development: Increase in size and complexity.
    • Energy Use: Acquire and use materials/energy.
    • Response to Stimuli: React to internal/external cues.
    • Homeostasis: Maintaining internal stability.
    • Evolution: Change over time.

    Bioregions

    • Definition: Natural regions defined by topographic and biological features.
    • Components: Native plant/animal species, Invasive species impacts, Human impacts (deforestation, mining, pollution)

    Energy Flow and Food Webs

    Autotrophs (Primary Producers)

    • Capture energy from non-living sources (e.g., photosynthesis, chemosynthesis).
    • Produce their own food.
    • Base of most food chains and webs.

    Heterotrophs (Consumers)

    • Obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
    • Energy transfer is inefficient (only 10% transferred between trophic levels).

    Ecological Relationships

    Food Chains and Webs

    • Simple (food chains) vs. complex (food webs) views of energy transfer.
    • Decomposers break down dead/decaying material (bones, fur, feces).

    Symbiotic Relationships

    • Parasitism: One benefits, one harmed.
    • Mutualism: Both benefit.
    • Commensalism: One benefits, one unaffected.

    Habitat and Niche

    • Habitat: Physical location where an organism lives.
    • Niche: Organism's role in the ecosystem. (biotic and abiotic factors)

    Carbon Cycle

    • Movement: Carbon cycles between atmosphere, land plants, animals, oceans, and geosphere (fossil fuels, limestone).
    • Human Impact: Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, cement production, and livestock farming increase atmospheric carbon dioxide.

    Climate Change and Environmental Impact

    Ecological Footprint:

    • Measurement of resources needed by a human population.

    Global Systems:

    • Interconnected spheres: Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere.

    Climate Solutions:

    • Renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable agriculture, Paris Agreement.

    Environmental Disturbances

    • Types: Natural and human-caused events (hunting, logging, climate change, oil spills, etc.).
    • Impact: Varies due to the disturbance and the trophic level affected.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the role of dependent variables in experiments and the structure and function of various biomolecules. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the differences between HDL and LDL cholesterol, as well as the energy-providing functions of specific biomolecules. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding.

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