Biomolecules and Energy Sources Module 5-6

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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the orbit of each planet around the Sun according to Kepler's first law?

Parabola

Hyperbola

Circle

Ellipse (correct)

According to Kepler's second law, how does a planet's speed vary as it moves around its orbit?

It travels at a constant speed.

Speed is independent of distance from the Sun.

It travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun. (correct)

It travels faster when it is farther from the Sun.

What concept did Galileo propose that opposes Aristotle's view on motion?

Inertia (correct)

Resting Motion

Forced Motion

Natural Motion

What does the term 'natural motion' refer to in Aristotelian thought?

Movement towards the center of the Earth. Signup and view all the answers

In Galileo's explanation of free fall, what is stated about the speed of falling objects in the absence of air resistance?

All objects fall at the same acceleration and at the same time. Signup and view all the answers

How is acceleration calculated according to the formulas provided?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main criticisms Galileo had against Aristotle's theory of motion?

Motion requires a mover. Signup and view all the answers

What quantity does 'd' represent in the context of speed and acceleration computation?

Distance Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary elements found in biomolecules?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule functions primarily in energy storage?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is generated from the spontaneous breaking of chemical bonds?

Thermal energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following energy sources is considered non-renewable?

Oil Signup and view all the answers

Which astronomer first supported the heliocentric model?

Nicolaus Copernicus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in biological organisms?

Growth and repair Signup and view all the answers

What model proposes that the Earth is at the center of the universe?

Geocentric Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to propose the concept that the Earth was round?

Aristotle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module 5 - Biomolecules

Biomolecules occur in natural organisms
They consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus
These elements are covalently bonded together
Molecular structure dictates function

Structure

Biomolecules are composed of polymers
Polymers are aggregates of monomers
Monomers form repeating patterns in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Function

Carbohydrates are energy sources and storage molecules
Lipids are involved in energy storage and heat insulation
Proteins are involved in growth and repair
Nucleic acids store genetic information

Module 6 - Energy Sources

Energy is harnessed from bond breaking/formation in fuels
Forms of energy include heat, kinetic, mechanical, and electrical
Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass
Non-renewable energy sources include coal, oil, and natural gas
The Philippines averages 248.1 kWh of energy consumption (2015)
Global energy consumption reached 4,000 billion kWh in 2023
Main forms of energy include chemical, mechanical, nuclear, gravitational, light, radiant, sound, motion, thermal, and electrical

Module 7 - Models of the Solar System

Heliocentric model: Sun-centered
First proposed by Aristarchus; supported by Copernicus
Geocentric model: Earth-centered
First widely believed by ancient Greeks; elaborated by Ptolemy
Proponents include Aristotle (Earth is round), Eratosthenes (calculated Earth's size), Ptolemy (sophisticated geocentric model), Aristarchus (heliocentric model), Copernicus (supported heliocentrism), Kepler (laws of planetary motion), and Tycho Brahe (astronomical observations)

Kepler's Laws of Motion

1st Law: Planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths, with the Sun at one focus.
2nd Law: A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. This means planets move faster when closer to the Sun and slower when farther.
3rd Law: The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. More distant planets orbit slower.

Module 8 - Development of Motion

Aristotelian vs. Galilean Thoughts
Aristotelian Motion: Motion requires a continuous mover. Natural motion is objects seeking their natural place; forced motion is opposed by natural motion.
Galilean Motion: Inertia; objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by a force (friction).
Free Fall: Acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects regardless of mass (in a vacuum).
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. It can be calculated by the change in velocity divided by the change in time or by force divided by mass.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of biomolecules and energy sources from Modules 5 and 6. Understand the composition, structure, and functions of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Additionally, learn about renewable and non-renewable energy sources used in various applications.